140 BUREAU OF AMERICAIS^ ETHNOLOGY [bilu GO 



The greatest advancement seems to have been made in Santo Do- 

 niingo and l^orto Kico, but no conspicuous centers of dexelopment, 

 as sites of larj^e pueblos, liave been observed. The ishmds con- 

 tain no architectural I'emains and ha\e but few traces of other fixed 

 works besides kitchen middens and certain lexcl ai-eas believed to 



ha\e been devoted to ceremonial use. Sculpture Avas 

 Art in stone in a very backward state, other than the carving of 



minor objects of si one, such objects comprising not 

 only implements and utensils in large n umbers, surpassing in elabora- 

 tion and beauty the corresponding foiins in IIk^ Southern States, but 

 sevei'al classes of sculplin'es of i-emarkable cliara('tei-istics and of un- 

 determine<| puipose, except that they may with safely be regarded as 

 ha\ing ser\(M| .some piirpos(; in the religious activities of the people. 

 Most noteworthy among these ai'e the collar's, yokes, the tri pointed 

 stones, and th(; inasketles. 'I'he collars are carNctl with wondei-ful 

 skill and must ha\e cost no end of lime and labor in their manu- 

 facture. All ai'e o\al in shape, while the Mexican analogues are 

 jiiostly open ami at the s;ime. time display higher stages of symbolic 

 art and esthetic appreciation. Stone moilars are not numei'ous but 

 some specimens are neatly carve(|, and the pestles, which are of several 

 Aai'ieties, ai'c not e(|nale<| in elaboral loii of form except ])erhaps in 

 Costa Kiea. 'I'he hatchet blade <u- celt is found in large muuher's, 

 espeeially in riamaica, and is unsurpasse(| for perfection of foi'm 

 and beiiiily of llnish anywhere in the world. 'I'he .siime ty))es of 

 foiiu ocean- in the Soul hern States, but I'arely of such fine finish. 

 Chisels i-e.sembling the celts, excejjt in their more cylindrical bodies 

 and nanow |)oliits, ar(^ exact duplicates of the chisels of the United 

 Stales. 'I'he monolithic hatchets are of iniicli interest, being car\ed, 

 haft and hl.ide, of a single piece of stone, thus illustrating por- 

 fectly t he coniiMou manner of ha fl ing this class of iniplemenls. ( )n(^ 

 examplii of celt blade, si ill retaining the wooden handle, has been 

 recoN'ered. Axes, liowexcr, do n(»t duplicate the axes of the States, 

 hill are allied in form somewhat closely with llie axes of South 

 America. 



('Iiippe<l iniplemenls are (d' rare occiiireiice, a ci rciimslance im- 



pl\ing the use of hone for projectile p(tiiils and 

 W...MI, I <.i I <'i y, |„,^^j|,|y ( ||,> aliseiice in a measiii<' of suitable \ ariet ies 



of stone 

 The poller's art lloiiiished on some of Hie islands. Life forms 

 were modeled and employed in embellishment. A tendency toward 

 Hie grotes(|iie is everywhere manifest, and symbolism had an im- 

 porlanl place in Hie p.ainleil ami !iicise(| designs. The greatest 

 advance in Hits braiicli was iii middle and soiithern Saiilo I)omiiie'o. 



