160 



BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 



[bull. 60 



The old quarries are scattered along the bowlder outcrop at favor- 

 able points. The most extensive traces of ancient 

 Present Appear- ^york occur in the face of a ravine on the north side 



ance of the (juar- . , , it ^ t,- ^ 



ries or the creek on about the line or Eighteenth Street. 



There are but slight superficial traces of the opera- 

 tions, a condition due to the fact that the loosely bedded gravels above 

 crumble rapidly and fill any pit tings made on the slope below. The 



Fig. 43. Map of lower Piney Branch, showing position of bowlder quarries. 



several deep trenches carried across the old workshops by the writer 

 were thus obliterated in a short time after the exploration was com- 

 pleted. 



The M'ork of getting out the bowlders l)y the aborigines did not 



compare in difficulty with the quarrying of the mas- 

 Jlanncr of Quarry- • • i^- j! a. ' • /\^ • 'lii i, 



ijjg sive varieties ot stone as in Ohio and Arkansas, but 



nevertheless was a serious task for a ]H-imitive people 

 having no metal tools. The face of the l)owlder bed in the slopes 

 was readily uncovered, and the bowlders were loosened by means, no 

 doubt, of wooden ])ikes, and })icks of deer and elk antler. Exami- 

 nation of the quarry face where exposed by the recent excavations 



