178 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 60 



Wlien tlie blocks thus obtained were reduced with tlie large hammers to a 

 suitable size for being handled easily, they were carried to 

 [Breaking Up and ^ convenient spot, which may be designated as a blocking- 

 out shop, where the first stages of manufacturing were car- 

 ried on. These shops are sometimes quite limited in extent, but occasionally 

 they cover an area of 5 to 10 acres. Scattered thickly over the ground in such 

 places are angular fragments of flint, siich as would result from knocking off 

 corners and projections from large pieces taken out of the pits and also from 

 breaking them up into smaller pieces. . . . rr()l)ably nine-tenths of the flint 

 carried from the pits to these blocking-out shops was rejected ; the trimming 

 process revealing some flaw or defect that made it unfit for use. The remainder 



was carried to other places which may be called finishing 

 [Workshops] shops. These are characterized Ijy lighter hammerstones, 



smaller fragments, thin flakes, and broken implements in all 

 stages of completion. Although never so extensive as the first named, they 

 show a greater amount of work on an equal area. The largest are in the 

 vicinity of the pits and the other workshops; but they may be found, gi'adually 

 diminishing in extent, at springs, camping places, and village sites, as we travel 

 in any direction, sometimes 50 miles or more from the parent ledge.^ 



There is little indication that the implements were specialized on 

 the local shop sites. The " Ridge," however, is, in large part, a habit- 

 able place, and doubtless parties engaged in the mining and shaping 

 work were settled ab(jut the springs convenient to the quarries and 

 s})ent much time there. It is thus not surprising that many finished 

 im])lements of various classes are found in the vicinity of the quarries 

 and scattered over the ridge. 



Fragments of the flint, partially shaped blades rejected because too 

 thick or otherwise defective (fig. 59), and blades broken under the 

 blows of the hammer, together with the nuclei or cores from which 

 flake knife blades were made, as well as great deposits of chips, are 

 found at many points. 



The hammerstones employed in the chipping worlc are very nu- 

 merous. Some are bowlders picked up in the vicinity 

 Hammerstones or brought from the neighboring streams while many 



are rough-shaped from tough portions of the flint- 

 (fig. CO). INIost of the latter are globular or discoidal in form, and 

 many of the larger specimens used in breaking up the flint weigh as 

 much as 50 pounds, while the smaller, with which the finer shaping 

 work was done, are not larger than walnuts. A study of the rejectage 

 makes it plain, however, that the principal output of 

 The Shop Troduct the shops consisted of leaf-shape blades ranging 

 from 1 to G inches in length. These doubtless served 

 in the main for subsequent specialization into knife blades, projectile 

 points, and drills, according to the need of the occasion. Countless 

 implements, recognized by their color and texture as coming from 

 these quarries, are scattered broadcast over a wide area, which in- 



1 Fowke, op. cit., pp. 022-623. 



