302 



BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY 



[bull. 00 



tact with the anvil as at the point struck by the hammer. To carry 

 out any designed specialization except of the simplest kind seems to 

 the writer hardly possible. The most familiar employment of this 

 method of fracture in the United States was in making the so-called 

 " teshoas " of Leidy ^ (fig. K')7), which is a sharp-edged discoidal flake 

 made with a single blow of the hammer upon the convex surface of 

 a bowlder, which may be, when a bowdder hammer is used, either the 

 one held in the hand 

 or the one struck. 

 A number of ob- 

 servers 



Indirect Rost j 

 Percussion 



c o r d e d 



the use of a hanuncr 



and punch by the 



American tribes in 



flint chipping. An 



illustration of the 



f r e e - h a n d use of 



these tools is given 



in figure 158. As 



employed in the rest 



method, the bit of 



stone was held in a 



fixed position, as under the knee or in a clamp, and the punch, made 



of stone, hard bone, or antler, was set u[)()n it at the precise point 



re(|uired to remove a flake of desired thickness, and the opposite 



end was tapped with a mallet or hammer. Cushing illustrates this 



work in his paper on the 

 arrow (fig. 168), an extract 

 from which is quoted later. 

 This process is identical wnth 

 that practiced by civilized 

 pe(jples, the metal chisel tak- 

 ing the place of the stone or 

 bone fracturing tool. 



Another variety of percus- 

 sive w^ork, accounts of which 



Fig. UiS. Rest frnctniv with hammer and ^rc UOt aS specific aS COuUl be 



punch. (Cushing.) dcsircd. has been noted by a 



numbei' of obser\ers. The thin edge of the fragment or flake, or the 

 blank form to be further specialized, is laid flatwise on the anvil 

 stone at a suitable angle (fig. 169) and tapped from above with a 

 hannner. minute flakes being thus thrown upward along the margin. 



Fiu. 107. Flakes made from water-worn bowlders by a 

 single stroke of the hammerstouc ; used as scrapers, 

 knives, etc., and for the making of various small imple- 

 ments. The name " teshoas "' is from the Shoshone lan- 

 guage and was given by Dr. Joseph Leidy. 



I.cjilv. (In Rciii.-iiiis iif I'riiiiitix'e .\rt in the Hridger I'.asin of Southei'ii Wyoiiiiuf. 



