XXXT. CPJTT^IBLTXG PROCESSES 



Direct Fi;i:e-iiani) Pl.l;(TISSl()^■ 



Crum1)lino' the surface of the stone treated with a hammerstone, 

 pick, or kiiKh'ed tool, hafted or iinliafted, ludd in one hand, the stone 

 worked being hehl in the other hand. 



Direct Pest PEKfissiox 



Crumbling the surface of the stone treated with a hammer, pick, 

 or kindred tool, hafted or unhafted, held in one or lioth hands, the 

 stone worked being stationary. 



Indirect Pest Percission 



Crnmbling the surface of the stone under treatment b_y means of a 

 chisel, drill, or like tool, hafted or unhafted, held in one hand and 

 driven by a hanuner or mallet held in the other hand, the stone being 

 stationary. 



TIIP^ evolution of tin? crumbling processes has been considered 

 ]>rietly in a preceding section, and further reference to this 

 l)articular phase of the subject need not be made here. These 

 processes are, however, of great technical interest, and it would be 

 hard to overestimate their importance to Stone Age 

 I'nKv^'"'' '"^ "" PtH)ples, and indeed to peoples of all times and cul- 

 ture grades down to the present day. The higher 

 manifestations of implement making, sculpture, and the build- 

 ing arts everywhere must be placed largely to the credit of these 

 processes. When, with the advance of culture, hard metals took the 

 place of stone as the material for implements, the processes remained 

 practically the same, although in civilization mechanical devices for 

 operating were greatly improved. The edge or point of the elec- 

 trically driven drill of steel does not differ in type from the edge or 

 point of the stone chisel or pick. It is to be noted that the crumbling 

 processes are closely allied with and shade into incising, abrading, 

 and piercing, as when a certain pointed or narrow-edged tool is used 

 at one moment as a pick to crumble or cut. at the next as a drill to 

 abrade, and again as an awl or i)unch to pierce. 



