holmes] 



ABORIGINAL AMERICAN ANTIQUITIES PART I 



335 



found in numbers. Plere is the bowlder with a few chips removed in 

 testing" the material, or the shattered fragments resulting from break- 

 age under the preliminary blows of the hammer. Here are hundreds 

 of rejects (fig. 192) representing various stages of manipulation — ^the 

 roughly chipped forms a and h, the more advanced shapes in which 

 the pecking is begun, c, and blades approximating closely the final 

 foi-m, d. Here also are many pieces broken transversely under the 

 hammer at different stages of the work, and finally here are examples 

 of the completed implements in which the grinding process has oblit- 

 erated to a large degree the conchoids of chipping as well as the in- 

 dentations due to the crumbling tool. ^ 



Extended experimentation in the work of shaping stone imple- 

 ments and utensils by the pecking process was undertaken by Mr. 



Fig. 192. 



Specimens illustrating successive steps in shaping 

 crumbling, and grinding. 



d 



hatchet blades by fracture. 



Wide Range 

 I'rocesses 



of 



J. D. McGuire at the Xational ^luseum some years ago, and the 

 valuable results of his work are available.- 



The crumbling processes had, however, a much wider field than 

 that of shaping implements and utensils by pecking 

 with a hammer. Vast numbers of petroglyphs 

 appear on slabs, bowlders, and broad rock faces 

 throughout America, displaying great diversity in manner of execu- 

 tion and finish. Hammerstones of ordinary form were doubtless 

 employed, but pointed picklike implements, ha f ted or unhafted, 

 Avere better suited to the purpose (fig. 193). Figure 191 is intended to 

 illustrate the probable method of carving the minor relics of hard 

 stone, many of which are elaborately embellished with symbolic 



1 Holmes, Manufacture of Peclced-abraded Stone Implements. 



2 See his two memoirs entitled " The Stone Hammer and Its Various Uses " 

 " Materials, Apparatus, and Processes of the Aboriginal Lapidary." 



38657°— 19— Bull. 60, pt i 23 



and 



