XXXII. ABKADING PKOCESSES 



THE abrading processes, as employed in stone-shaping by 

 primitive peoples, are very generally supplementary to frac- 

 turing and crumbling. They may be assembled for de- 

 scriptive purposes in seven principal groups: 



1. Grindixg, Whettixg 



Simple manual abrasion, the stone abraded being held in the hand 

 and rubbed on another stone or abraded by another stone held in the 

 hand. In large work the abrader may have been in some cases 

 hafted or otherwise mounted to increase its efficacy. 



2. Sawing 



Simple manual abrasion with edges, plain or notched, or filaments 

 employed, often Avith the aid of sand, in channeling and dividing. 



3. Scraping 



Abrasion of comparatively soft stone with scrapuig implements of 

 various types held in the hand. 



4. Engraving 

 Abrasion with a point as in engraving. 



5. Drilling 



Abrasion with simi)le manual or machine revolved drill points, 

 solid or tubular. 



0. Scouring, Rasping 



Abrasion by scouring with sand moved beneath or held embedded 

 in a somewhat j'ielding surface, as of leather. 



7. Polishing 



Abrasion with hard or soft surfaces variously applied to give 

 finish and polish. 

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