Ice 55 
sea dog, author of Wrinkles, and master mariner—we may 
take a few examples of real giants: 
Date’ .. Latitude Longitude Height Length Ship Reporting 
February, 1891 538°S__ 141°W Ss: 1000 ft. 10mi. Marianna 
May, 1892 44°S 380°W =:1000ft. 40mi. Strathdon 
January, 1893 50°S 45°W = 1500 ft. 8mi. Loch Torridon 
August, 1908 49°S 42°W 1800ft. 10mi. Cognati 
ICE FROM THE SKY 
Ice not only advances upon the mariner by sea, but also 
falls on him from the sky. Hail, sleet, glaze, rime, and frost 
are all forms of ice precipitated from the atmosphere. Hail 
consists of irregular lumps of ice, usually in alternate con- 
centric layers of clear and opaque material. Hailstones some- 
times are as big as walnuts and they have been reported 
as large as oranges. Such giant hailstones would weigh about 
one pound apiece. Humphreys of the U.S. Weather Bureau 
tells us that cattle have been killed at Annapolis, Maryland, 
by such hailstones. Hail occurs only during thunderstorms. 
Photographs of unusual hailstones are worth taking, or plas- 
ticine casts can be made of them before they melt. Do not 
mistake sleet for hail. __ | 
Instead of having a complicated concentric layer structure 
like hail, sleet is composed simply of frozen raindrops. When 
sleet covers a deck it freezes into a hard grainy surface that 
can give a man a nasty fall if he is not pretty sure on his feet. 
Rain, falling upon a cold exposed surface freezes to form 
a clear icy coating, glaze. During an ice storm the rigging of a 
ship may become so coated with glaze that its weight is in- 
creased anywhere from ten to a hundredfold. Needless to say, 
such an increase in load may damage small lines and wires, or 
