SURFACE CONDENSERS. 113 
equal to the temperature of the steam, then referring to Plate 46, No. 9, t; —t, become zero, 
and the fraction under No. 1o will become infinity. If we take run No. 2 where line 13 
gives the logarithmic mean temperature of 11.83, we find the arithmetric mean will 
be 14.15, so that the logarithmic mean is only 83% per cent of that of the arithmetric 
mean, and the apparent heat transfer is proportionally higher. 
I dwell upon these points because Plate 46, above analyzed, gives a wrong impression 
as to the performance of this condenser, whereas we know that the actual performance 
of this condenser, with carefully taken and corrected observations and under the same 
conditions, is not so good as for the condenser of the standard stationary design, as 
can be seen by examining tests—reported in engineering society papers—of condensing 
plants in many shore power stations. 
THE CuairMAN:—Is there any further discussion? The shipbuilders are glad to 
know that so many of the gentlemen present have this matter of condensers on their 
minds, because those of us who are not marine engineers have long looked on the con- 
denser as one of the weakest points in ship machinery construction. They have given 
more trouble in repair work than almost anything else. If there is no further discussion, 
I will ask Mr. Lovekin if he desires to make reply. 
Mr. Lovexin:—With reference to the results given in the first table, I wish to 
state that they were made as accurately as we could possibly make them. As I stated 
before, we placed eleven mercurial gauges on the condensers, all the gauges were cali- 
brated, and we changed them around, so that the results are as accurate as our engineering 
staff could obtain. 
With regard to my omission of the steam pressure to the power, I will be glad to 
supply all of this, but the horse-power was exactly as stated, and it was continuously 
kept up to that horse-power. 
The reason for the results of the final test not being as good as the original test 
was that we had considerable difficulty with ferrules. During the war they had green men 
packing the condensers who in many cases packed them so full that no room was left 
for the ferrules. On the second trial ten tube ferrules gave out, and some of the tubes 
found their way into the condenser, so I am sure that the reason for our not obtaining 
the high heat transfer was on account of the excessive air mixture, together with a 
known quantity of salt water in the condenser. The vacuum on the second test was 
simply taken from one point in the condenser, while on the first test we had eleven points. 
As the old saying goes, there is nothing new under the sun. I have brought out a 
number of innovations in my lifetime and found them a collection of old applications, 
one part taken from one appliance and another part from another appliance, but I have 
always tried to make something in the aggregate that would give good results. My 
condenser, regardless of what some members have stated, is different from any con- 
denser I have ever seen or heard of. 
I would be glad to be supplied with sketches of the condensers referred to, in order 
that the members of the Society may see exactly the difference between the Lovekin 
condenser and other dry tube condensers. I think they will be convinced that a marked 
difference exists. 
When used in a battleship, the primary object I had in view was to design a con- 
denser with a primary zone and a secondary zone, realizing that when a battleship is 
