TEREBRATULA.—Ptate IX. 
depressiusculd, ventrali medio producté; apophyse 
conspicue bifurcatim laminata. 
THe RED Kravssta. Shell nearly orbicular, radiately 
ribbed, ribs bright-red, beak large, swollen, very 
short, foramen very large, deltidium very widely di- 
vided; valves moderately convex, dorsal rather de- 
pressed in the middle, ventral produced in the middle ; 
apophysis conspicuously bifureately laminated. 
Anomia rubra, Pallas, Misc. Zool. pl. 14. f. 2 to 11. 
Anomia striata promontorii Bone Spei, Chemnitz. 
Anomia Capensis, Gmelin. 
Terebratula rubra, De Blainville. 
Terebratula Capensis, Krauss. 
Terebratula Algoensis, Sowerby. 
Kraussia rubra, Davidson. 
Hab. South Africa. 
This very interesting species, though admirably figured, 
with its loopless bifurcating apophysis, nearly a century 
ago by Pallas, and again a few years later by Chemnitz, 
was not known to Valenciennes when preparing his mo- 
nograph of the genus for Lamarck’s ‘ Animaux sans ver- 
tebres,’ nor even to Sowerby, when publishing his mono- 
gvaph in Thesaurus. It is characterized by a remarkably 
short beak and large foramen, and the deltidium-plates 
are proportionably widely divided. The colouring, which 
is mainly on the radiating ribs, is bright coral-red. Fig. 
37 6 represents a curious example, in Mr. Taylor’s col- 
lection, of three full-grown specimens attached to a Ove- 
pidula. My. Sowerby’s Terebratula Algoensis, pronounced 
by Mr. Davidson to be a Yerebratella, and by Dr. Gray 
to be a Kraussia, “scarcely differing from K. piswm,” is a 
bleached fragmentary ventral valve of this species. 
Species 38. (Fig. a, 6, Mus. Cuming.) 
TEREBRATULA (KRAUSSIA) COGNATA. Ter. testé sub- 
quadratd, albidd, obscuré radiatim liratd, rostro lato, 
tuimido, abbreviato, medio subproducto, foramine per- 
amplo, deltidio latissimé partito; valvd dorsali pland, 
versus marginem concavo-depressd, margine intus acute 
spinoso-dintato, ventrali convexd, medio productd ; 
apophyse bifurcatim lamellata. 
Tue coGnaTe Kraussta. Shell somewhat square, whit- 
ish, obscurely radiately ridged, beak broad, swollen, 
rather produced in the middle, foramen very large, 
deltidium very widely divided; dorsal valve flat, con- 
cavely depressed towards the margin, margin inter- 
nally sharply spinously toothed, ventral convex, pro- 
duced in the middle; apophysis bifurcately lamel- 
lated. 
Cognata Anomie craniolaris basi perforata, Chemnitz, 
Conch. Cab. vol. viii. p. 78. pl. 76. f. 688 a, B. 
Kraussia cognata, Davidson. 
Hab. South Africa. 
Kraussia cognata, of which a single specimen in Mr. 
Cuming’s collection, notwithstanding that the species was 
described and figured by Chemnitz, is the only one known 
to me, might easily be taken for a variety of A. rudra, 
but for one important character. The dorsal valve is 
conspicuously serrated within the margin by a row of 
erect spinous teeth. No mention is made of this character 
in the diagnosis of the British Museum Catalogue, but it 
is figured and carefully described by Chemnitz, “ margine 
interiori subtilissime et acutissimé denticulato.” 
