CRANIA. 
Species 1. (Mus. Cuming.) 
CRANIA TURBINATA. Cran. testd valvd inferiore subqua- 
drato-orbiculari, posticé truncata, impressionibus pos- 
ticis transversis, anterioribus in unam transversalem 
confluentibus, rostello parvo, disco pedato, limbo antico 
incrassato ; valvd superiore subtrapezoidali, convead, 
cicatricibus posterioribus magnis, limbo interno im- 
crassato, elevato, margine tenui; extus levi, brunned. 
TURBINATED Cranra. Shell with the lower valve 
somewhat squarely orbicular, posteriorly truncated, 
lan 
THE 
posterior impressions transverse, anterior flowing into 
one transverse impression, beak small, disk pedate, 
anterior rim thickened; upper valve convex, sub- 
trapezoid, posterior scars large, inner rim thickened, 
raised, thin at the edge ; outer surface smooth, brown. 
Anomia turbinata, Poli, Test. Sicil. vol. i. p. 189. pl. 30. 
Crania ringens, Heeninghaus. 
Hab. Mediterranean and Aigean Seas (attached to stones 
and coral at a depth of from forty to a hundred and 
fifty fathoms) ; Forbes. 
Crania turbinata is a smaller and more conical species 
than C. anomala, and the internal rostellum is much less 
prominently developed. It is the only species inhabiting 
the Mediterranean. In the A’gean Sea, Professor Forbes 
collected living specimens at depths varying between forty 
and ninety fathoms ; and dead specimens were brought up 
with the dredge from the depth of a hundred and fifty 
fathoms. Poli’s Mediterranean dnomia turbinata has been 
quoted hitherto as a synonym of C. anomala. 
searches of recent naturalists on the geographical distri- 
bution of the Northern species show that C. anomala does 
not extend further south than Vigo Bay. 
Our figure represents a stone with a group of Tere- 
bratula (Megerlia) truncata attached to it on each side, 
with a single C. ¢urbinata of a darker red than the rest, 
showing external surface of upper valve, to the right of 
the left-hand group; and to the left of the right-hand 
eroup is an under valve of the Crania, showing the small 
central rostellum and surrounding impression. 
The re- 
Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) 
Oranta Sugssit. Oran. testa suborbiculari, postice inter- 
dum truncato-quadratd, cicatricibus posticis ovatis, 
obliquis, rostello amplo, calloso, limbo antico incras- 
sato, granato ; valvd superiore solidiusculo, rugoso, au- 
rantio-rufo pallide tinctd, cicatricibus internis posticis 
anguste ovatis, callosis elevatis, oblique confluentibus. 
Suess’s Cranta. Shell suborbicular, sometimes truncately 
squared on the posterior side, posterior scars ovate, 
—Prate I. 
oblique, rostellum large, callous, anterior rim thick- 
ened, granulated; upper valve rather solid, rough, 
faintly tinged with orange-red, internal posterior 
scars narrowly ovate, obliquely flowing together. 
Hab. Sydney ; Strange. 
Of this interesting Australian Crania Mr. Cuming pos- 
sesses five specimens, collected by Mr. Strange at Sydney. 
It comes very near to the West African species which has 
been assigned to C. rostrata of Heeninghaus, but it is of 
amore convex and roughly solid growth; and the difference 
of habitat leaves no room for doubt on the subject. The 
internal posterior scars of the lower valve are obliquely 
ovate and somewhat isolated, while in the upper valve 
The rostellum is 
large and prominent. Another character is a delicate 
tinge of orange-red on the outer surface, quite different to 
the red-stained colouring of the European species. 
The name of Professor Suess being especially entitled 
to a place in the nomenclature of the Brachiopods, I dedi- 
cate this species to him in testimony of my high sense of 
they are narrow and callously raised. 
the originality and value of his researches. 
Species 3. (Mus. Cuming.) 
CRANIA ROSTRATA. Cran. testd valvd inferiore rotundato- 
subtrapezoidali, margine postico rectiusculo, cicatricibus 
posticis orbicularibus, anticis purvis, semilunaribus, 
anticée coalescentibus, rostello parvo, acutiusculo, disco 
sinuato, limbo granifero, anticé irregulari, incrassato ; 
valvd superiore tenuiore, albd, subradiatim rugosa, 
intus costellis duabus elevatis, radiantibus, ex centro 
versus marginem posticum decurrentibus. 
THE BEAKED CrantA. Shell with the lower valve rotun- 
dately subtrapezoidal, posterior margin rather straight, 
posterior scars orbicular, the anterior small, semilunar, 
anteriorly coalescing, rostellum small, rather sharp, 
disk sinuated, rim grained, anteriorly irregular, thick- 
ened ; upper valve thinner, white, somewhat radiately 
roughened, interior with two raised ribs, radiating, 
running from the centre towards the posterior margin. 
Henrineuaus, Monog. p. 3, f. 3 a, 4. 
Hab. West Africa. 
No fresh observations have been made on this species 
since the publication of Mr. Sowerby’s monograph of the 
genus in 1846, and I give his characters verbatim. Its 
habitat, Mr. Cuming informs. me, is not the Mediterra- 
nean, as given by Sowerby, but West Africa. 
