30 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 69 
Minnessincos. This is reproduced in plate 4,6. It appears as a typi- 
cal eastern Algonquian settlement; a few wigwams-surrounded by a 
single line of palisade, with one gateway. The details of the drawing, 
as the exactness with which the houses are placed, the height of the 
palisades, and the size of the figures in the foreground, are far from 
being accurate, but historically the engraving is of great interest 
and must necessarily convey some idea of the appearance of the 
ancient Munsee villages, which probably did not differ to any great 
degree from those farther south, among the Algonquian tribes who 
occupied the coastal plain as far as the mouth of the Neuse, in the 
present North Carolina. 
There is reason to suppose the Eastern Shore of Maryland was at 
one time occupied by a comparatively large native population, with 
many villages scattered along the shore where fish and wild fowl were 
always to be secured as food. Some villages were protected by an 
encircling palisade; others were open. On the maps of Capt. John 
Smith the Tockwogh flu. corresponds with the position of the present 
Sassafras River, flowing between Cecil County on the north and Kent 
County on the south, the first forming the extreme northeast corner 
of Maryland, at the head of Chesapeake Bay. The stream was en- 
tered by the few Jamestown colonists who, during the latter part of 
July, 1608, embarked on their “‘second voyage to discover the 
Bay.” Describing their experiences: | 
“Entring the River of Tockwogh, the Salvages all armed in a 
fleete of Boates round invironed us. It chanced one of them could 
speake the language of Powhatan, who perswaded the rest to a 
friendly parly. . . they conducted us to their pallizadoed towne, 
mantelled with the barkes of trees, with Scaffolda like mounts, 
brested about with Barks very formally. Their men, women, and 
children, with dances, songs, fruits, fish, furres, and what they had 
kindly entertained us, spreading mats for us to sit on, and stretching 
their best abilities to express their loves. Many hatchets, knives, 
and peeces of yron and brasse, we saw; which they reported to have 
from the Sasquesahanockes, a mighty people, and mortall enimies 
with the Massawomeckes.” (Smith, (2), pp. 117-118.) 
This settlement appears to have been rich and prosperous. Could 
it have been the one mentioned in the instructions issued to Sir 
Thomas Gates when he went to the colony in 1609? In that inter- 
esting and quaintly worded document it was told that ‘North at 
the head of the Bay is a lardge towne where is store of Copp and ffurs 
called Cataanron that trade and discovery will be to great purpose if 
it may be settled yearely.” 
Shell heaps along the shore of Chesapeake Bay, and on the banks 
of the many streams which flow into it, indicate the positions of 
ancient villages many of which were occupied long after the year 
