46 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL 69 
tidewater Virginia as they were during the earliest years of the 
colony, the inhabitants of a village would leave their permanent 
settlements during certain seasons to hunt in the forests, or to seek 
and gather oysters and clams on the coast. In the north the first. 
move from the winter encampment would usually be to the ‘‘sugar 
camp,” where large quantities of sugar would be made from the 
sap of the maple. The move was anticipated with genuine pleasure 
by the northern people, as it marked the end of the long winter, 
when the sun was gaining warmth, but the nights remained cold 
and frosty. 
The Shawnee, so closely allied linguistically with the Sauk and 
Fox, before the removal of a large part of the tribe southward to 
and beyond the Ohio, may have lived near the Illinois tribes. Dur- 
ing their movement southward they evidently stopped near the 
mouth of the Wabash, where they may have resided for some time. 
Although they do not appear to have been encountered in that 
locality by Europeans, the tradition of their having lived there was 
undoubtedly heard by the early French explorers, and on certain 
maps dating from the first part of the eighteenth century, as for 
example on the Moll map of 1720, the site of their village is indicated 
by the legend: ‘Savanah old Settlement.”” This corresponds with 
the position of the ‘‘ Bone bank,” so-called locally, an ancient village 
site on the left bank of the Wabash, in Posey County, Indiana. By 
the course of the river it is some 10 miles above its junction with 
the Ohio, but in an air line not more than 24 miles from the latter 
stream. The site occupied the summit of a high bluff and extended 
for 1,500 or more feet along the river. Its width could not be deter- 
mined, as it had been constantly worn away by the action of the 
waters of the Wabash. Innumerable human remains and vast num- 
bers of implements and ornamentsof Indian origin have been recovered 
from, the site, which, however, may have been occupied successively 
by different tribes, or by the same people at intervals. Neverthe- 
less it must, at some time, have been the site of a Shawnee village. 
Passing southward beyond the Ohio the Shawnee evidently estab- 
lished a great town on the banks of the Cumberland, the site now 
covered by the city of Nashville, Tennessee, thousands of stone- 
lined graves marking the position of the ancient settlement. A 
description of this once extensive village would be of the greatest 
interest, but none has been preserved. It may, however, have 
resembled Pontdalamia on the Illinois. 
From the banks of the Cumberland one or more bands of the 
Shawnee moved as far east as the Savannah. Later some turned 
westward and after stopping for a short time on the Chattahoochee 
settled on the left bank of the Tallapoosa, near Fort Toulouse, in 
