BUSHNELL] NATIVE VILLAGES AND VILLAGE SITES 55 
villages. But a much earlier description of an Iroquoian town has 
been preserved, and although not within the limits of the United 
States it should now be mentioned. MHochelaga, the Huron settle- 
ment which stood on the site of Montreal, was visited by Jacques 
Cartier during his second expedition in the year 1535. A very crude 
and inaccurate drawing of the palisaded village was given on pages 
446-447 of the third volume of Ramusio, printed in Venice in 1556. 
The description was translated and used by Hakluyt (Cartier, (1), 
p. 220), but the illustration was omitted. After referring to the fields 
of corn the account continues: . 
“In the midst of those fields is the citie of Hochelaga, placed neere, 
and as it were joyned to a great mountaine that is tilled round about, 
very fertill, on the top of which you may see very farre, we naméd it 
Mount Roiall. The citie of Hochelaga is round, compassed about with 
timber, with three course of Rampaires, one within another framed 
like a sharpe Spire, but laide acrosse above. The middlemost of them 
is made and built as a direct line, but perpendicular. The Rampiers 
are framed and fashioned with peeces of timber, layd along the 
ground, very well and cunningly joyned togither. after their fashion. 
This enclosure is in height about two rods. It hath but one gate or 
entrie thereat, which is but with piles, stakes, and barres. Over it, 
and also in many places in the wall, there be places to runne along, 
and ladders to get up, all full of stones, for the defence of it. There 
are in the towne about fiftie houses, about fiftie paces long, and 
twelve or fifteene broad, built all of wood, covered over with the 
barke of the wood as broad as any boord, very finely and cunninly 
joyned togither. Within the said houses, there are many roomes, 
lodgings and chambers. In the middest of every one there is a great 
Court, in the middle whereof they make their fire. They live in 
common togither: then do the husbands, wives and children each 
one retire themselves to their chambers.” 
Such was an Iroquoian village nearly four centuries ago, when first 
visited by Europeans, and the description is quite similar to that of 
the Mohawk Castle just one century later. It-is quite evident that 
little or no change had taken place in the manners of the people 
during the century. They lived as they had for generations, and so 
continued until about the time of the Revolution. Another view of 
Hochelaga appears on the Lescarbot map of 1609, and is now repro- 
duced as plate 8,a. Five houses are shown surrounded by a palisade, 
with one gate facing the south. 
As already mentioned, innumerable village sites have been dis- 
covered throughout the country of the Five Nations, many of which 
have been identified as having been occupied during the early days 
of the colony. In many instances traces of the palisades, or remains 
of the embankments by which the settlements were surrounded and 
