58 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 69 
“That village was fortified with palisades and the houses or 
cabins were neatly made out of tree bark, they stood in a circle, 
and in midst of them was a beautiful round place, in its center a 
big fire, and around it the Council setting on the ground, that is the 
leaders of the Tuscoruros’ nation.”’ (De Graffenried, (1), p. 937:) 
This reference, though brief, is of great interest, as it proves that 
within a short distance of one another stood both round and quad- 
rangular inclosures, built by people of the same stock, though not 
of the same tribe. And it is remarkable how closely the description 
of the village of Paski conforms with the picture of Pomeioc; a 
circular palisade surrounding a number of bark-covered houses 
placed in a circle, a great fire in the middle of the open space, with 
a group of Indians gathered around. 
During the war with the colonists the Tuscarora and their allies 
erected palisaded strongholds. In January, 1712, such a fort was 
built on the bank of the Neuse some 20 miles west of Newbern. 
This was taken by the whites on the 28th of the same month. The 
site is well known, and numerous arrow points and other objects of 
stone found there are thought by some to have been used and lost 
at the time of the encounter, although the Indians unquestionably 
had an ample supply of firearms. 
The mat and bark covered habitations of the eastern tribes, in 
addition to the characteristic structures of the Iroquois, or Five 
Nations, were of two general types, the circular, dome-shaped wig- 
wam, and the more quadrangular form with the arched roof. The 
latter was used throughout tidewater Virginia, and was clearly 
described by the early writers. It was likewise shown in White’s 
drawings made of the villages standing in the northeastern corner of 
North Carolina in the summer of 1585. These were not far from the 
country of the Tuscarora, who, however, appear to have erected 
both types of dwellings. Soon after the beginning of the year 1701, 
Lawson “met with 500 Tuskereros in one Hunting Quarter. They ~ 
had made themselves streets of houses built with Pine Bark, not with 
round tops as they commonly use, but Ridge Fashion, after the 
manner of most other Indians.’ (Lawson, (1), p. 32.) ‘Ridge 
Fashion,” in this quotation, undoubtedly refers to the Virginia 
form of structure, the long arched roof described by the historians 
as resembling arbors in the English gardens. The dome-shaped 
habitations of the Carolina Indians—and the account refers more 
particuliarly to the Tuscarora and Coree—were described by Lawson 
(p. 105). They were usually covered with cypress bark, but when 
this was not to be had cedar or pine was used, the latter being con- 
sidered the poorest. Many long saplings were cut, ‘‘at the thickest 
end of which they generally strip off the bark, and warm them well 
in the fire, which makes them tough and fit to bend; afterwards 
