74. BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [ BULL. 69 
and differ from the Council House only in not having the close back 
apartment.’’ (Bartram, W., (1), pp. 53-54.) 
The relative positions of the three principal features of the Creek 
towns, the ‘‘Chunky-Yard, Public Square, and Rotunda,” as ar- 
ranged in the ‘‘modern Creek towns,’’ was shown by the accompany- 
ing plan made by Bartram in 1789 (fig. 6). In this A represents the 
public square, with the four buildings. B ‘‘the Rotunda; a, the door 
opening toward the square; the three circular lines show the two rows 
of seats, sofas, or cabins; the punctures show the pillars or columns 
which support the building; c, the great central pillar, or columns 
surrounded by the spiral fire, which gives light to the house.” C 
represents a part of the chunky yard. Now, while this was the plan 
as followed in later times, the earlier arrangement was different, 
having the chunky yard between the other units of the group. 
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Fic. 6.—Principal structures of a Creek town in 1789. 
Bartram’s sketch of the older method is reproduced in figure 7. It 
was described thus (p. 52): 
‘‘A, the great area, surrounded by terraces or banks. JB, a circular — 
eminence, at one end of the yard, commonly nine or ten feet higher 
than the ground round about. Upon this mound stands the great 
Rotunda, Hot House, or Winter Council House, of the present Creeks, 
It was probably designed and used by the ancients who constructed 
it, for the same purpose. (,asquare terrace or eminence, about the 
same height with the circular one just described, occupying a position 
at the other end of the yard. Upon this stands the Public Square. 
The banks inclosing the yard are indicated by the letters 6, 6, b, 6; 
c indicates the ‘Chunk-Pole,’ and d, d, the ‘Slave-Posts.’? Sometimes 
the square, instead of being open at the ends . . . is closed upon 
all sides by the banks. In the lately built [1789], or new Creek towns, 
they do not raise a mound for the foundation of their Rotundas or 
