DS) BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 68 
this form by itself; and the third person singular, the masculine of 
which is identical with the subjective suffix, while the feminine con- 
sists'‘of the corresponding objective prefix and the feminine suffix —-te 
used with nouns and evidently connected with the word nuatet, 
woman. In Atakapa the independent forms of the second and third 
persons are directly taken from the corresponding objective prefixes, 
and those in the first person singular and plural are more closely 
related to the objective forms than to the subjective forms. It is 
to be added that the Chitimacha forms show clear indications of 
having been compounded, probably out of the old objective prefixes. 
All of these, except the form for the second person singular, end in —¢ 
or —s. Taken in conjunction with the affinities of the remainder of 
the word we have almost certain evidence that these sibilants are 
derived from the -c sufhix employed with Atakapa independent 
forms, as wic, nac, hac, yukitic, etc., which has in course of time 
become permanently united with the pronominal stem." It is plain 
that the independent plural forms in Atakapa are compounded of 
pronominal signs plus a suffix, or suffixes, -kit. Fimal—c is probably 
identical with the infinitive suffix —c to which reference has already 
been made. We must also separate from Tunica affixes, as evidently 
constituting no true part of the pronominal sign proper, k— in the 
Tunica singular objectives and the masculine plural, —n and —na in 
the Tunica dual and nearly all of the plural objectives, -t2 in the 
plural subjectives. We are now in a position to make a comparative 
study of the elements which enter into the composition of these 
forms. Reference has already been made to the origin of final —c¢ 
and —s in the Chitimacha independent pronouns. Comparing the 
first persons throughout we find evidence of two roots, 7 and 0 (or u), 
possibly formerly combined into one. The @ root is illustrated by 
the following forms: Tunica ima, ik-, inima, in, -ina, —iti, Chiti- 
macha ic, Atakapa hi-, ic, and possibly Tunica —ni, Chitimacha —hi, 
and Atakapa wi and yikit. The o root is wanting in Tunica but 
illustrated by Chitimacha wc, Atakapa —d, and perhaps Atakapa wi — 
and yikit, although it is possible that Chitimacha we and Atakapa tc— 
may be directly related to each other through a vowel shift. 
The stems of the Tunica second person are wi in the masculine and 
hi in the feminine. With these must be compared the independent 
Chitimacha forms him and was and the masculine suffix —. It is 
tempting to suppose Chitimacha him directly related to Tunica hdma, 
which would mean that Chitimacha formerly had the same suffix —na 
that appears with so many independent Tunica forms, but this can 
not be proved. Except for the subjective plural the Atakapa stem in 
this person is na. Possibly it is connected with hi since there is some 
evidence of an h—n sound shift, but at least it agrees with —nana, the 
1 Final -c and -s are either phonetic variants of one suffix or two suffixes closely related in meaning. 
