SWANTON] TUNICA, CITITIMACHA, AND ATAKAPA LANGUAGES Zo 
subjective sign of the second person plural in Chitimacha. In the 
third person we encounter the following correspondences: Tunica 
masculine singular and dual w, Chitimacha independent huc, Atakapa 
—ul in the third person plural subjective, and Atakapa ha in all other 
cases. ‘The feminine sign in the Tunica singular is #2 or ta. This 
does not occur in any other pronominal form, but may be compared 
with the Chitimacha demonstrative ta which designates feminine 
objects. Incidentally it may be observed that the prefix is almost 
identical with the Choctaw word for woman. In the third person 
dual and plural feminine, and the objective of the third person plural 
masculine, we find a syllable st. There is some question whether this 
ought to be regarded as a plural or a feminine sign, but since there are, 
besides, clearly marked signs for the dual and plural the theory that it 
is a feminine sign employed in the dual and plural has most to recom- 
mend it. In that case we must suppose that its employment in the 
masculine objective plural and masculine independent is later, and 
this idea is supported by the anomalous appearance of the —* suffix 
ordinarily found only with singular objectives. If the feminine origin 
of this syllable be admitted it furnishes us with an explanation of the 
Chitimacha feminine suffixes —ci and —c, employed in the second and 
third persons, although, indeed, in so far as our information extends, 
the latter are used only in the singular. The Atakapa objective sign 
for the third person plural is cak—, the employment of which shows 
clearly that it is only a shortened form of icak, person, and hence 
comparable with Tunica cz, a male human being, and Chitimacha asi, 
a male person or animal. 
A fact of considerable importance in establishing the relationship 
between these languages on the basis of their pronominal forms is 
the weakness of all of the signs employed to indicate the second and 
third persons of the singular. In Tunica the complete signs are —wi and 
—hi in the second person and —a and —ti in the third. The former are, 
however, usually reduced to mere single vowels. In Chitimacha, at 
least in late times, the masculine and feminine signs were not ordina- 
rily employed, a simple — suffix appearing in both persons, and finally 
Atakapa appears to lack any corresponding signs whatsoever. It can 
not be said that there is any inherent relationship between these two 
persons that would account for such similarities. To emphasize this 
point I reproduce the signs under discussion in the following table: 
Tunica Chitimacha Atakapa 
me —i (mas.) - - | is 
Second person singular. . - . . : 
ad ade hi, -a (fem.). . 
Third ale dy ie (MES eee ! ¢ 
digs a5 Cele Scr coo colle qe aocsc 5 56 
ird person singular digihegleptyet 3 
