28 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY “[BULL. 68 
Chitimacha one prefix is employed for both reciprocal and reflexive 
and there are independent reflexives employed after independent 
pronouns, but they are not much used. In Tunica we find a reciprocal 
prefix and a reflexive particle, but no reflexive prefix. The Atakapa 
and Chitimacha independent forms are nik in the former and néh 
in the latter, the stems of which appear to be related. The Tunica 
independent particle t¢ may be connected with these, but there is no 
certainty. The Chitimacha reciprocal and reflexive prefix is ap‘e 
which seems to be compounded of the locative prefix ap‘—, indicating 
‘‘motion toward,’ and a phonetic ¢ which apparently conveys the 
reflexive idea. Possibly this prefix may have been derived from the 
locative suffix to nouns, demonstratives, and locative adverbs, —wp, 
with the infinitive added. At any rate there is some evidence in 
Tunica, and even a little in Atakapa, of the former existence of a 
reflexive prefix c-. In the former language we have a number of 
names of parts of the body beginning either with ¢ or s followed 
immediately by another consonant—an abnormal arrangement in 
Tunica. Another instance appears to occur in the use of the verb 
niya. Thus niyiikant means I think, but ieniyukani, I reflect. 
Another case is pité, to lose, and cpitu, to forget. Here and there we 
find additional indications pointing in the same direction, and it 
should be mentioned that c— is the reflexive prefix in Natchez. The 
Tunica reciprocal may be accounted for as a simple contraction of 
Chitimacha ap‘— or ap‘c-. The Atakapa reciprocal hok— or huk- 
clearly has had a different origin—perhaps, since it means “‘ together” 
as well as ‘‘each other,’ from some form of the adjective meaning 
all, which in Tunica has the form Adtu.! The Atakapa reflexive 
prefix hat— finds its counterpart in the Tunica hatdna, again, yet, 
still, which is contracted to hat and employed as a verbal prefix or 
an adverb placed just before the verb. This, in turn, may be con- 
nected with a Chitimacha prefix kas-, ‘‘ back,” to the place or toward 
the place from which the motion had started, the s in this prefix 
being identical with the reflexive ¢ already mentioned. Chiti- 
macha hi-, to arrive going, the opposite of ap‘, can not be identified 
with certainty in either of the other languages, though it may be 
compared with ti, the Atakapa stem of the verb to go, which fre- 
quently appears as an initial stem in Atakapa verb complexes. It 
may also be represented by the initial y of Tunica yuka, to arrive 
going, and yaka, to arrive coming. The Chitimacha prefix kap— which 
denotes completed action is probably derived from the independent 
verb kap, to stop, and both find their counterparts in Tunica hapa 
and Atakapa pé, which occur independently but more often as the 
second stem of a verb compound; as in sak’hdpant, I finish eating; 
cokyaxpeo, I finish eating. The Chitimacha prefix ne-, downward, 
170 is probably a suffix, 
