TURBINELLA. 
Puate I. 
Genus TURBINELLA, Lamarck. 
Testa ovata vel fusiformis, solidiuscula, sepé ponderosa, 
spird nunc brevi nune elongata, canali interdum bre- 
vissimo recurvo, interdum elongato erecto, anfractibus 
plerumque liratis et tuberculatis, raro levigatis ; colu- 
mela plicatd, plicis unicé ad quinque compressis ; 
epidermide corned aut fibrosé. Operculum parvum, 
corneum, acuminatum. 
Shell ovate or fusiform, rather solid, often ponderous, 
spire sometimes short, sometimes elongated, canal 
now very short and recurved, now elongated and 
straight ; whorls generally ridged and tubercled, 
rarely smooth; columella plaited, plaits compressed, 
one to five in number; epidermis horny or fibrous. 
Operculum small, horny, acuminated. 
Apart from any consideration of the animal, the Turbi- 
nelle appear at first sight to be a compound of Voluta 
and Murex, hence the species known to Linnzus were 
referred, some to the former, some to the latter genus; 
it is, however, to the Murices, through Fusus and Fascio- 
laria, that the subjects of the present monograph are 
strictly allied, and, though verging into these genera, con- 
stitute a very natural and interesting group. 
The Turbinelle, comparatively limited in species, are 
yet widely dissimilar in aspect, and may be distributed 
into four, if not five, sections, of which the several types 
are the 7. pyrum, cornigera, infundibulum, polygona and 
nassatula. The species are characterized by considerable 
variety and force of sculpture, and great brilliancy of 
colour; the plaits are very irregular both in number and 
developement, and are particularly transverse and com- 
pressed, ranging into the oblique growth which may be 
observed in Fusciolaria, the more elongated the shell, the 
more oblique the plaits. 
There are few species to add to this genus that have 
not been already described, but they are well-defined, and 
of interest. The Turbinelle are tolerably widely distri- 
buted, though I am not aware of any being found in New 
Holland; the principal localities, so far as they can be 
obtained, are the Philippine Islands, Gallapagos and other 
islands of the Pacific, Mauritius, Zanzibar, Gambia, Panama, 
Ceylon, Acapulco, Rio Janeiro, and the West Indies; I 
have also two species from the Marquesas and Feejee 
Islands. 
Species 1. (Fig. a, 4, c, Mus. Cuming.) 
TURBINELLA POLYGONA. Turd. testd fusiformi, liris an- 
gustis obtusis undique cingulatd ; anfractibus superné 
concavo-depressis, infra biseriatim tuberculatis ; aper- 
ture fauce exiliter liraté ; aurantio-fulvd, tuberculis 
albidis, nigricante-fuscd, undique peculiariter maculata. 
THE MANY-ANGLED TURBINELLA. Shell fusiform, en- 
circled with somewhat obtuse narrow ridges, whorls 
concavely depressed round the upper part, encircled 
beneath with two rows of blunt tubercles; interior 
of the aperture faintly ridged; orange fulvous 
colour, tubercles whitish, peculiarly blotched through- 
out with blackish brown. 
Lamarck, Anim. s. vert. (Deshayes’ edit.) vol. ix. p. 385. 
Murex polygonus, Gmelin. 
Fusus polygonus, Enc. Méth. 
Hab. Island of Ticao, Philippines (on the reefs); Cuming. 
The ground colour of this species, orange-fulvous with 
the tubercles white, is seemingly constant, but the dark 
blackish brown painting, with which it is more or less 
embellished, is sometimes disposed merely in dots, most 
frequently in irregular transverse blotches, and sometimes 
altogether absent. 
Another species, of which a very excellent representa- 
tion may be found in ‘ Les Delices des Yeux’ of Knorr, 
Pt. vi. pl. 15. f. 5, and which has been confounded with 
this, I propose to distinguish in the following plate, Sp. 9, 
by the name of 7’. candelabrum. 
Species 2. (Mus. Cuming.) 
TURBINELLA CONCENTRICA. Turb. testd angusto-fusi- 
Sormi, spird acute turritd, liris elevatis, subdistantibus 
undique funiculatd, costis concentricis solidis latius- 
culis confertis, canali subelongato; aperture fauce 
liratd, liris interruptis subdistantibus ; rufo-aurantid, 
epidermide pellucido-fuscd indutd, aperturd lutescente. 
THE CONCENTRIC TURBINELLA. Shell narrow-fusiform, 
spire sharply turreted, corded throughout with rather 
broad close-set concentric ribs, canal a little elon- 
gated; interior of the aperture ridged, ridges inter- 
rupted and rather distant; reddish orange, covered 
with a transparent brown epidermis, aperture yel- 
lowish. 
July, 1847. 
