168 LAND AND FRESH-WATER MOLLUSKS. 
This elegant species is local, and chiefly con- 
fined to the southern counties in England, reach- 
ing the limit of its northern distribution in 
Hulne Woods, Alnwick; it is rare in Ireland. 
C. laminata is especially met with in woods on a 
limestone soil; it is gregarious on the trunks of 
beech and other trees, durmg the mght and 
after rain. 
The eggs of this snail are very large in pro- 
portion to the animal, and are deposited among 
decaying wood in the autumn, to the number of 
ten or twelve; the young appear at the end of 
twenty days, and do not attain the adult state 
until the end of the second year. 
CLAUSILIA RUGOSA— (the Rugose Close Shell) 
(Pl. IX., fig. 91).—This species is also known 
under the names of C. nigricans and C. perversa ; 
it is the commonest of the Clausilic, and lives on 
walls, about rocks, and under stones, and on the 
trunks of beech and ash in woods. 
The shell is more or less fusiform or spindle- 
shaped, of about half an inch in length, and com- 
posed of nine or ten, and not unfrequently twelve 
or thirteen whorls ; the colour varies from a very 
pale greyish-white to a deep reddish-brown ; 
greenish-white specimens are of rare occurrence ; 
the shell is streaked with lines of grey, and stri- 
ated obscurely or prominently in different indi- 
viduals. The peristome is thickened, detached 
