8 ? BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL 77 
similar to that erected by the Caddoan tribes. Thus, it will be under- 
stood no one group occupied habitations of a single form to the ex- 
clusion of all others, and again practically all the tribes had two or 
more types of dwellings which were reared and used under different 
conditions, some forming their permanent villages, others, being 
easily removed and transported, serving as their shelters during long 
journeys in search of the buffalo. The villages of the several groups 
will now be mentioned in detail. 
ALGONQUIAN TRIBES. 
The numerous tribes and the many confederated groups belonging 
to the great Algonquian linguistic family extended over the conti- 
nent from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic coast, and from 
Labrador on the north southward to Carolina. They surrounded 
the Iroquoian tribes of the north, and at various places came in con- 
tact with members of other stocks. The combined population of the 
widely scattered Algonquian tribes was greater than that of any other 
linguistic family in North America. 
The native tribes of tidewater Virginia and those who were en- 
countered by the New England colonists, tribes so intimately associ- 
ated with the early history of the Colonies, belonged to this stock, as 
did the later occupants of the Ohio Valley and of the “country of 
Illinois.” In the present work the villages of other members of the 
linguistic group will be considered, including those of the Ojibway 
and the related Cree, and of the Blackfoot confederacy, Arapaho, and 
Cheyenne, usually termed the western division of the stock. Several 
tribes whose villages stood east of the Mississippi in early historic 
times will also be mentioned. 
OJIBWAY. * 
The Ojibway (the Sauteux of many writers) formed the connect- 
ing link between the tribes living east of the Mississippi and those 
whose homes were across the “Great River.” A century ago their 
lands extended from the shores of Lake Superior westward; beyond 
the headwaters of the Mississippi to the vicinity of the Turtle Moun- 
tains, in the present. State of North Dakota. Thus they claimed the 
magnificent lakes of northern and central Minnesota—Mille Lac, 
Leech Lake, Cass Lake, and Red Lake—on the shores of which stood 
many of their camps and villages, serving as barriers against in- 
vasions and attacks by their inveterate enemies, the Sioux. The 
Ojibway are essentially a timber people, whose manners and customs 
were formed and governed by the environment of lakes and streams, 
and who were ever surrounded by the vast virgin forests of pine. 
While game, fish, and wild fowl were abundant and easily obtained, 
