12 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL.-77 
corner was a large covered mokak, and on the opposite side was a 
carefully wrapped drum, owned by the old Ojibway, Ahgishkemun- 
sit, the Kingfisher, who was sitting on the ground near by. 
Quite similar to the preceding must have been the wigwam visited 
by Hind in 1858. This stood a short distance from Manitobah 
House, of the Hudson’s Bay Company, and belonged to an Ojibway 
hunter. As Hind wrote: “ His birch-bark tent was roomy and clean. 
Thirteen persons including children squatted round the fire in the — 
centre. On the floor some excellent matting was laid upon spruce 
boughs for the strangers; the squaws squatted on the bare ground, 
the father of the family on an old buffalo robe. Attached to the 
poles of the tent were a gun, bows and arrows, a spear, and some 
mink skins. Suspended on cross pieces over the fire were fishing 
nets and floats, clothes, and a bunch of the bearberry to mix with 
tobacco for the manufacture of kinni-kinnik.” (Hind, (1), I, p. 63.) 
Hind was accompanied on his second journey, in 1858, by a photog- 
rapher, Humphrey Lloyd Hime, who made many interesting nega- 
tives while in the Indian country. Among the photographs made at 
this time are three views of bark wigwams of the Ojibway which 
stood near the banks of Red River. These are now reproduced in 
plates 7, b, and 8 a, b. 
While in the vicinity of Red River the year before (1857) Hind 
encountered several interesting Ojibway structures. At a point not 
far north of the Minnesota boundary his party crossed the Roseau 
a few miles east of Red River, and there “on the bank at the crossing 
place the skeletons of Indian wigwams and sweating-houses were 
grouped in a prominent position, just above a fishing weir where 
the Ojibways of this region take large quantities of fish in the spring. 
The framework of a large medicine wigwam measured twenty-five 
feet in length by fifteen in breadth; the sweating-houses were large 
enough to hold one man in a sitting position, and differed in no 
respect from those frequently seen on the canoe route between Lakes 
Superior and Winnipeg, and which have been often described by 
travelers. (Hind, (1), I, p. 163.) During the journey, when camp- 
ing on an island in Bonnet Lake, the party encountered “an Indian 
cache elevated on a stage in the centre of the island. The stage was 
about seven feet above the ground, and nine feet long by four broad. 
It was covered with birch bark, and the treasures it held consisted 
of rabbit-skin robes, rolls of birch bark, a ragged blanket, leather 
leggings, and other articles of winter apparel, probably the greater 
part of the worldly wealth of an Indian family.” +(Op. cit., p. 120.) 
The canoe route between the lakes mentioned by Hind was often 
broken by dangerous rapids, around which it was necessary to carry 
the canoes, as Catlin described the Ojibway party doing at the Falls 
of St. Anthony. 
