BUSHNELL] VILLAGES WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI 95 
The photograph reproduced in plate 14 shows a Cheyenne family 
group, an interesting example of a travois, and part of a lodge. 
The latter differs from all described on the preceding pages and 
evidently resembles those erected by the Pawnee in their temporary 
camps. This form may have been used in later times in the place 
of the conical skin lodge, although the latter was not abandoned, but, 
as among other tribes, the Cheyenne appear to have erected several 
types of shelters or habitations, governed by the available supply of 
materials necessary for their construction. 
Large lodges, evidently tipis, set up for special purposes by the 
Cheyenne, are mentioned by Grinnell. In the spring of 1853 the 
main village of that tribe, so he wrote, stood “at the mouth of 
Beaver Creek on the South Platte. There a large lodge was set up 
as a meeting-place for each of the soldier bands. To each such place 
came the relations of those killed the year before to implore the sol- 
dier bands to take pity on them and to help to revenge their injuries.” 
And at this time many presents were given the warriors. (Grin- 
nell, (2), p. 80.) ; 
This was before many of the primitive customs of the tribe had 
been changed through contact with the whites. 
BLACKFOOT CONFEDERACY. 
The tribes forming this group are the Siksika, or Blackfeet proper, 
the Piegan, and the Kainah, or Bloods. Closely allied and asso- 
ciated with these were the Atsina, a branch of the Arapaho, but who 
later became incorporated with the Assiniboin. These tribes roamed 
over a wide territory of mountains, plains, and valleys. 
_ Early accounts of the manners and ways of life of the Blackfeet 
are to be found in the journals kept by traders belonging to the 
Hudson’s Bay Company, who penetrated the vast, unknown wilder- 
ness southwestward from York Factory during the eighteenth cen- 
tury. Although the records are all too brief and leave much to be 
desired, nevertheless they are of the greatest interest, referring as 
they do to the people while yet in a primitive state, with no knowl- 
edge of the customs of Europeans. 
The first of the journals to be mentioned is that of Anthony 
Hendry, who left York Factory June 26, 1754. He ascended Hayes 
River many miles, thence, after crossing numerous lakes and streams 
and traversing forests and plains, arrived on Monday, October 14, 
1754, at a point not far northeastward from the present city of 
Calgary, Alberta. This was in the country of the Blackfeet, men- 
tioned in the journal as the Archithinue Natives. That same day, 
so the narrative continues: “Came to 200 tents of Archithinue Na- 
