38 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [ BULL, 77 
linguistically or socially. However, it is evident their villages were 
similar in appearance, and both had two distinct forms of habita- 
tions which were occupied during different seasons of the year. The 
summer villages of both tribes consisted of bark houses, and near, 
by were gardens in which they raised corn, squashes, beans, and 
some tobacco, but with the coming of autumn the families scattered 
and sought the more protected localities where game was to be se- 
cured, and there erected the dome-shaped, mat-covered lodge, re- 
sembling the structures of other tribes of the region. 
The middle of the eighteenth century found the two tribes estab- 
lished in villages near the mouth of Rock River, on the left bank 
of the Mississippi, in the present Rock Island County, Illinois. 
Here they were visited by Long and his small party August 1, 1817, 
at which time the Fox settlement “containing about thirty cabins, 
with two fires each,” stood on the left bank of Rock River, at its 
junction with the Mississippi. The Sauk village was 2 miles up 
Rock River and consisted “of about one hundred cabins, of two, 
three, and in some instances, four fires each,” and it was, so Long 
wrote, “by far the largest Indian village situated in the neighbor- 
hood of the Mississippi between St. Louis and the Falls of St. 
Anthony.” (Long, (1), pp. 68-69.) This was the birthplace, in 
the year 1767, of the great Sauk leader Black Hawk. At the time 
of Long’s visit the people of the two villages had several hundred 
acres of corn, “partly in the low ground and extended up the slopes 
of the bluffs.” and were in a very prosperous condition. 
The village was destroyed by the militia June 15, 1831, and those 
who escaped soon after crossed the Mississippi. In 1837, having 
ceded their hunting grounds in Jowa to the Government, they re- 
moved to a tract in Kansas beyond the Missouri, where they con- 
tinued to reside for some 20 years as practically one tribe. Later 
the majority of the Foxes returned to Iowa and secured a small 
tract of land near Tama, in Tama County, on the left bank of lowa 
River, where a mixed group continues to dwell. In 1867 the remain- 
ing Sauk ceded their lands in Kansas and removed to the Indian 
Territory. 
As already mentioned, the tribes erected two distinct types of 
habitations. The mat-covered lodge is shown in plate 18. The bare 
frames, ready for the mat coverings, are indicated in a, while the 
completed structure is represented in } of the same plate. Both 
photographs were made near Tama within the past few years. 
During the summer of 1820 Schoolcraft was on the upper Mis- — 
sissippi and stopped at the village of the Sioux chief “La Petit Cor- 
beau,” which stood on the bank of the river a few miles below the 
present city of St. Paul. He was conducted to the lodge of the chief, 
