BUSHNELL ] VILLAGES WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI 39 
which, so he wrote, “is spacious, being about sixty feet in length by 
thirty in width—built in a permanent manner of logs, and covered 
with bark.” (Schoolcraft, (2), p. 318.) A few days later, on 
August 6, 1820, he left the mouth of the Wisconsin, passed the mouth 
of Turkey River, which joins the Mississippi from the west, and 1 
mile below the mouth of Turkey River arrived at a Fox village 
which stood on the left bank of the Mississippi. This would have 
been near the present village of Cassville, Grant County, Wisconsin. 
Here were twelve lodges, “large, and built of logs, in the same sub- 
stantial manner practised among the Narcotah bands.” This refers 
to the village of La Petit Corbeau and others which he had recently 
visited. And continuing the narrative, “The cause of their being 
now deserted, is the fear entertained of an attack from the Sioux, 
- in retaliation for the massacre lately perpetrated upon the banks of 
the St. Peter’s. The desertion appears to have taken place after 
they had planted their corn, and from the order in which the vil- 
lage is left, it may be concluded that its re-occupation is kept in 
view. I found several small gardens and corn fields adjoining the 
village, in which squashes, beans, and pumpkins were abundant, but 
the corn had been nearly all destroyed, probably by wild animals. 
Walking back from the river half a mile . . . I was surprised to 
find an extensive field of water- and musk-melons, situated in the 
midst of a grove of small, scattering trees, but without any inclosure. 
Some of the fruit had been destroyed by animals, but a great abun- 
dance still remained.” (Op. cit., pp. 340-341.) 
The preceding references would seem to apply to summer habita- 
tions, as distinguished from the mat-covered structures already men- 
tioned. The descriptions are rather vague, and the lodges en- 
countered by Schoolcraft may have been similar in form to that 
shown in plate 19. This most interesting and valuable photograph 
was made in the Indian Territory probably 40 years or more ago, 
and represents a rather large dwelling. It shows clearly the manner 
in which sheets of bark were placed and secured to serve as roof and 
sides, and in this instance the bark appears to be that of the elm. 
Interesting notes on the manners and ways of life of the Sauk 
and Foxes just a century ago are to be found in a communication 
from Maj. M. Marston, of the Fifth Infantry, to Morse. Marston 
was commanding officer at Fort Armstrong, from which place the 
letter was written during the month of November, 1820. At that 
time the Fox village standing on the bank of the Mississippi, op- 
posite Fort Armstrong, consisted of “ thirty-five permanent lodges,” 
and this may refer to the type of structures shown in plate 19. As 
Marston then wrote: “ There is also a small Sauk village of five or six 
lodges on the west bank of the Mississippi, near the mouth of Des 
71934 °—22——_4 
