492 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 77 
Establishing their camps in the vicinity of the springs, they would 
evaporate the waters and so obtain a supply of salt, a process which 
continued long after the French had settled in this part of upper 
Louisiana. 
The villages of the Illinois tribes have been described in a former 
publication (Bushnell, (1) ). 
About the close of the eighteenth century many scattered bands 
of various tribes whose habitat was east of the Mississippi sought 
new homes to the westward. Especially was this true after the sign- 
ing of the treaty of Greenville, Ohio, August 3, 1795. But two years 
before the signing of this important treaty small groups of Shawnee 
and Delaware crossed the river, and by the year 1793 had established 
a village on Apple Creek, near the Mississippi and some 40 miles 
south of the French settlement of Ste. Genevieve. A few years later 
these, or others of the same tribes, had small towns not far west 
of St. Louis and only a short distance south of the Missouri. Within 
another generation many of the remaining tribes were removed from 
east of the Mississippi by the Government to lands set apart for 
them just west of the western boundary of Missouri. But for many 
years after the beginning of the nineteenth century the western 
part of the Ozarks was occupied, or frequented, by bands of several 
tribes. . 
It seems quite evident that with the removal of the tribes from the 
east came certain changes in their customs and ways of life. And 
it is doubtful whether all attempted to erect their native form of 
habitations. Again, before leaving the east they had seen and con- 
structed the log cabin of the pioneers, and it is evident similar struc- 
tures were reared by them in their new homes, or at least by some of 
the tribes, among them the Delaware. An interesting account of one 
of these later settlements has been preserved, but it is very brief. It 
was mentioned in the journal of a dragoon, one of the command then 
crossing the wilderness from St. Louis to the valley of the Arkansas, 
and was prepared about the beginning of December, in the year 1833: 
“It was drawing towards the close of the day, when at a little dis- 
tance we descried a cluster of huts that we imagined might be a 
squatter settlement, but upon a nearer approach, found it to be the 
remains of a log-town long since evacuated, that had formerly been 
the settlement of a tribe of the Delawares . ... The site was a beau- 
tiful one: and the associations that were connected with it, as well 
as the many vestiges of rude art that remained about it, invested this 
spot with many pleasing sources of reflection. As we entered the 
town, our regiment slackened their pace, and slowly rode through 
this now silent ruin. A small space of cleared land encompassed the 
settlement, but scarce large enough to relieve it from the deep gloom 
