BUSHNELL] VILLAGES WEST OF -THE MISSISSIPPI 49 
Just three years before the Long expedition passed up the Missis- 
sippi and prepared the preceding descriptions of the Sioux settle- 
ments Schoolcraft went down the river, and in his journal are to be 
found brief references to the same villages. To quote from the 
journal, August 2, 1820: “ Four miles below Carver’s cave, we landed 
at the village of Le Petit Corbeau, or the Little Raven. Here is a 
Sioux band of twelve lodges, and consisting of about two hundred 
souls, who plant corn upon the adjoining plain, and cultivate the 
cucumber, and pumpkin. They sallied from their lodges on seeing 
us approach, and gathering upon the bank of the river fired a kind 
of fue-de-joie, and manifested the utmost satisfaction on our land- 
ing... We were conducted into his cabin which is spacious, being 
about sixty feet in length by thirty in width—built in a perma- 
nent manner of logs, and covered with bark.” (Schoolcraft, (2), 
pp. 3817-318.) The following day at noon the party arrived “at 
the Sioux village of Talangamane, or the Red wing, which is hand- 
somely situated on the west banks of the river, six miles above Lake 
Pepin. It consists of four large, and several small lodges, built of — 
logs in the manner of the little Raven’s village. Talangamane is 
now considered the first chief of his nation... Very few of his 
people were at home, being engaged in hunting or fishing. We ob- 
served several fine corn fields near the village, but they subsist chiefly 
by taking sturgeon in the neighbouring lake, and by hunting the 
deer. The buffalo is also occasionally killed, but they are obliged 
to go two days journey west of the Mississippi, before this animal 
is found in plenty. We observed several buffalo skins which were 
undergoing the Indian process of tanning.” (Op. cit., p. 323.) 
The third settlement was reached during the afternoon of August 4, 
1820, at which time, to quote from the journal, “we made a short 
halt at the Sioux village of Wabashaw, which is eligibly situated 
on the west bank of the Mississippi, sixty miles below Lake Pepin. 
It consists of four large lodges, with a population of, probably, 
sixty souls. A present of tobacco and whiskey was given, and we 
again embarked at twenty minutes before five o’clock.” (Op. cit., 
p. 334.) The question now arises, Were the various structures seen 
by Schoolcraft, those “built in a permanent manner of logs,” con- 
structed of “upright flattened posts,” as mentioned in the Long 
narrative? If so, it is evident similar habitations were reared by the 
Foxes and were encountered by Schoolcraft at the Fox village stand- 
ing on the left bank of the Mississippi, below the mouth of the 
Wisconsin, August 6, 1820. However, the statements are rather 
vague, and the various dwellings may have been quite similar to the 
bark houses more clearly described in later narratives. But it“is 
beyond question that some of the structures were strongly built, and 
