BUSHNELL] VILLAGES WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI 65 
several miles by the people of both villages. The whole scene was 
unique in the highest degree. The road was strewn for miles with 
the most motley assemblage I ever beheld, each lodge moving off 
from the village as soon as its inhabitants were ready, without wait- 
ing for the others. The means of transportation were horses, mules, 
and dogs. Four or five lodge-poles are fastened on each side of the 
animal, the ends of which trail on the ground behind, like the shafts 
of a truck or dray. On these, behind the horse, is fastened a light 
framework, the outside of which consists of a strong hoop bent into 
an oval form, and interlaced with a sort of network of rawhide. 
Most of these are surmounted by a light wicker canopy, very like our 
covers for children’s wagons, except that it extends the whole length 
and is open only at one side. Over the canopy is spread a blanket, 
shawl, or buffalo-robe, so as to form a protection from the sun or 
rain. Upon this light but strong trellice-work, they place the lighter 
articles, such as clothing, robes, &c., and then pack away among 
these their puppies and papooses, (of both which they seem to have 
a goodly number;) the women, when tired of walking, get upon them 
to rest and take care of their babies. . . The dogs also are made to 
perform an important part in this shifting of quarters. Two short, 
light lodge-poles are fastened together at the small end, and made 
to rest at the angle upon the animal’s back, the other end of course, 
trailing upon the ground. Over his shoulders is placed a sort of 
pad, or small saddle, the girth of which fastens the poles to his sides, 
and connects with a little collar or breast-strap. Behind the dog, a 
small platform or frame is fastened to the poles, similar to that used 
for the horses, upon which are placed lighter articles, generally pup- 
pies, which are considered quite valuable, being raised for beasts 
of burden as well as for food and the chase. . . The whole duty of 
taking down and putting up the lodges, packing up, loading the 
horses, arranging the lodge-poles, and leading or driving the ani- 
mals, devolves upon the squaws, while the men stalk along at their 
leisure; even the boys of larger growth deeming it beneath their 
dignity to lighten the toils of their own mothers.” (Op. cit., pp. 
45-AT.) 
¥rom the preceding account of the movement of a village of the 
Oglala it is quite apparent they did not advance in the orderly man- 
ner followed by the Pawnee, as described by Murray in 1835, but 
the dreaded illness from which many were then suffering may have 
caused the rather demoralized condition of the band. The travois 
as used at that time was similar to the example shown in plate 14, 
although the latter was in use by the Cheyenne a generation later. 
But. the frame was not always utilized, and often the tipi, folded 
and rolled, with other possessions of the family, rested upon the 
poles or upon the back of the horse. 
