108 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY (BULL. 77 
The valleys of the James and White Rivers, in Stone and Taney 
Counties, Missouri, were visited some years ago and many interest- 
ing sites were discovered. Traces of a comparatively extensive vil- 
lage were encountered on the E. $ of lot 1, S. W. + of Sec. 9, T. 22, 
R, 23, Stone County, on the left bank of White River. Within a 
radius of a few feet, on a level spot near the center of the once occu- 
pied area, were found four large sandstone mortars, the concavity 
of the largest being about 15 inches in diameter and 6 inches in 
depth, while the entire block of stone was more than 2 feet in thick- 
ness. When discovered, June 11, 1901, the mortars gave the impres- 
sion of not having been touched since they were last used by some of 
the inhabitants of the ancient village, and from the surrounding sur- 
face, an acre or more in extent, were collected several hundred stone 
‘implements, but not a fragment of pottery was encountered. This 
site, although rather larger and more extensive than the majority, 
was, nevertheless, typical of the 20 or more which were discovered 
during that interesting journey through the valleys mentioned. 
Quantities of stone implements were gathered from the surface of 
the sites, and many mortars were found, but no pottery. 
While the material recovered from the sites in the valley of the 
Gasconade is similar to that found to the eastward, the finding of 
mortars and the lack of pottery on the James and White River Val- 
ley sites suggests a different culture, and it is possible the latter owe 
their origin to parties of the Wichita or neighboring tribes who en- 
tered the western valleys of the Ozarks from the prairie lands. 
QUAPAW. 
This, the southernmost tribe of the Dhegiha group, occupied sev- 
eral villages west of the Mississippi, near the mouth of the Arkansas. 
When the closely allied tribes had removed from their ancient 
habitat in the upper valley of the Ohio, and had arrived at the 
mouth of that stream, the Quapaw are believed to have turned south- 
ward while the others went northward. The name of the tribe, 
Quapaw, signifies “downstream people;” Omaha being translated 
“those going against the wind or current.” As a people they seem to 
have been known to the members of the De Soto expedition about 
1541, probably occupying villages on or near the sites of the settle- 
ments visited by the French during the latter part of the next 
century. 
Pére Marquette, while on his memorable journey down the Mis- 
sissippi, in the year 1673, went as far as the mouth of the Arkansas, 
where he lingered a few days before returning northward on July 
17. The villages of the Quapaw, designated the Arkansa, were 
reached, but the habitations were only briefly described: “Their 
