BUSHNELL] VILLAGES WEST OF THE MISSISSIPPI 109 
cabins, which are long and wide, are made of bark; they sleep at the 
two extremities, which are raised about two feet from the ground. 
They keep their corn in large baskets, made of cane, or in gourds, 
as large as half barrels.” They used both wooden dishes and “ plates 
of baked earth. Their cooking was done in large earthen pots, of 
their own make.” (Shea, (2), p. 48.) But the most interesting 
early account of the villages is contained in Joutel’s narrative of La 
Salle’s last expedition, when he attempted to reach the Dlinois 
country overland from the Gulf coast. Through jealousy and 
intrigue of members of the expedition he was murdered by one of 
their number, March 20, 1687; but others continued eastward, and on 
July 24, 1687, arrived at the four villages of the Quapaw, and to 
quote from the narrative of the expedition: “The Nation of the 
Accancea’s consists of four Villages. The first is call’d Otsotchove, 
near which we were; the second 7'oriman, both of them seated on the 
River; the third Zonginga; and the fourth Cappa, on the Bank of 
the Missisipi. These Villages are built after a different Manner 
from the others we had seen before, in this Point, that the Cottages, 
which are alike as to their Materials and Rounding at the Top, are 
long, and cover’d with the Bark of Trees, and so very large, that sev- 
eral of them can hold two hundred Persons, belonging to several 
Families. The People are not so neat as the Cenis [Caddo], or the 
Assonis [Caddo], in their Houses, for some of them lie on the 
Ground, without any Thing under them but some Mats, or dress’d 
Hide. How ever, some of them have more Conveniencies, but the 
Generality has not. All their Movables consist in some Earthen 
Vessels and oval wooden Platters, which are neatly made, and with 
which they drive a Trade.” 
The expedition was then resting at the village standing on the 
banks of the Arkansas, not far above its junction with the Missis- 
sippi. Here they remained three days, departing on July 27. On 
that day “We imbark’d on a Canoe belonging to one of the Chiefs, 
being at least twenty Persons, as well Women as Men, and arriv’d 
safe, without any Trouble, at a Village call’d Toriman, for we were 
going down the River.” The river was the Arkansas. Later in the 
day they reached the “ fatal River, so much sought after by us, called 
Colbert, when first discover’d, and Missisipi, or Mechassipi by the 
Natives that were near us.” The party lingered at Toriman during 
the twenty-eighth, and on the following day arrived at “the next 
Village call’d Zonningua, seated on the Bank of that River [the 
Mississippi], where we were receiv’d in the Chief’s Cottage, as we 
had been in the others.” On July 30, “We set out for Cappa, the 
last Village of the Accancea’s, eight Leagues distant from the Place 
we had left.” (Joutel, (1), pp. 155-161.) Passing up the Missis- 
