XXVin PHONETIC KEY 



PHONETIC KEY ' 



Vowels 



The vowels are five in number. Eacli has but one sound except 

 when followed by the nasal y, which somewhat modifies it. 

 a has the sound of English a m. father. 

 e has the sound of English e in they, or of a in face. 

 i has the sound of i in marine, or of e in me. 



has the sound of English o in go, note. 



u has the sound of u in rule, or of oo in food. 



Consonants 



The consonants are 23 in number. 



b has its common English sound. 



6 is an aspirate with the sound of English ch, as in cJiin. 



6 is an emphatic c. It is formed by pronouncing 6 with a strong 

 pressure of the organs, followed by a sudden expulsion of the breath. 



d has the common English sound. 



g has the sound of g hard, as in go. 



g represents a deep sonant guttural resembling the Arabic ghain. 



h has the sound of h in English. 



li represents a strong surd guttural resembling the Arabic ~kha. 



k has the same sound as in English. 



k is an emphatic letter, bearing the same relation to Tc that c does to 

 c. Formerly represented by g. 



1 has the common sound of this letter in English. It is peculiar to 

 the Titoijwai] dialect. 



m has the same sound as in English. 



n has the common somid of n in Enghsh. 



1] denotes a nasal sound similar to the French n in hon, or the 

 Enghsh n in drinJc. 



p has the sound of English v. with slightly greater volume and 

 stress. 



s has the surd sound of Enghsh s, as in say. 



& is an aspirated s, having the sound of English sh, as in shine. 



' t is the same as in English with slightly greater volume. 



w has the power of Enghsh w, as in walk. 



Y has the sound of English y, as in yet. 



z has the sound of the common English 2, as in zehra. 



i is an aspirated z, having the sound of the French j, or the English 

 s in 'pleasure. Formerly represented by 7. 



1 From Riggs, S. R., Grammar and Dictionary of the Dakota Language (Smithsonian Contr. to Knowl- 

 edge, IV, pp. 3-4, Washington, 1852). See also "Siouan Dakota (Teton and Santee Dialects) with re- 

 marks on the Ponca and Winnebago," by Franz Boas and John R. Swanton, in Handbook of American 

 Indian Languages, Bull. Jfi, Bur. Amer. Ethn., pt. 1, pp. 875-965. 



