unNSMORB] TETOX SIOUX MUSIC 91 



oral buffalo skulls fastened to his back. As evidence of his other Sun- 

 dance vows lie boars nine long scars on each arm, three near the wrist, 

 four near the elbow, and two qu the upper arm. 



(10) Hogaij'-lu'ta (Red Fish), plate 74, a Santee-Yanktonai, is 

 a chief and is a prominent man in the councils of the tribe. He took 

 l)art in the Sun dance twice, fii-st when he was 26 years old, and the 

 second time at the age of 40. (See song No. 192.) 



(11) I^na'la-wica' (Lone Man), plate 2o, a Teton, took part in 

 the Sun dance when 20 and when 31 years of age, and has 100 scars on 

 each arm. He was chosen on one occasion to help select the Sun- 

 dance pole and on another occasion to sing at the drum. He was 

 ])rominent in tribal wars and took part in the Custer massacre. 



(12) Ma'zak^v:^'-wica'ki (Seizes-the-Gux-away-from-Them), a 

 Teton, took part in the Sun dance, being suspended from the pole. 

 He stated thut when he was on the warpath all the warriors made a 

 Sun-dance vow, so he joined them, asking that he might conquer the 

 enemy and capture horses, also that he might find his friends alive 

 when he reached home. In fulfilling this vow he remained suspended 

 for more than an hour, after which he was "jerked down," but the 

 flesh still refused to tear and only the sticks were broken. The flesh 

 was then cut and the splinters of wood remaining underneath were 

 removed, after which a tiny portion of flesh was offered as in the 

 case of that cut from the arms. 



(13) TATArj'K.v-HOK^i'i.A (BuFFALO Boy), plate 9, is a Santee- 

 Yanktonai. At the age of 30 he carried six buffalo skulls when ful- 

 lilling a Sun-dance vow. Ten years later he took part in the dance 

 again. He received his name from a dream in which he saw the 

 buffalo. 



(14) Caijte'-wani'ca (No Heart) (plate 10), a Yanktonai, is a 

 well known medicine-man of the tribe and is able to depict events by 

 means of drawings. (See pi. 16.) He took part in the Sun dance 

 when 20 years of age and has 100 scars on each arm. 



(15) Ptesaij'-ma'xi (White-Buffalo-Walkixg), plate 11, is a 

 Teton and took part in the final Sun dance in 1882. 



The above-mentioned men were the principal informants concern- 

 ing the Sim dance, the work being done in a series of conferences. 

 As already stated, about 40 additional men were interviewed. All 

 were members of the Teton, Santce, and Yanktonai divisions of 

 the tribe. The purpose of the interviews was to ascertain the facts 

 concerning the ceremony which were remembered by those who at- 

 tended as spectators, and also to ascertain the manner in which the 

 men who took part in the conferences were regarded by members 

 of the tribe. Thus the importance given the opinions expressed by 



