270 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull. 61 



plant grows on the liills and has fragrant white flowers. Boar-with- 

 White-Paw said, "The odor of these flowers goes to every plant that 

 brings cure to men. It makes them sweeter and strengthens them 

 as they grow in the field." lie said also that the medicine-men keep 

 this or some other fragrant herb in the bundle with their roots during 

 the winter. (Compare p. 79.) 



(4) Identified as Echinacea angustifolia DC. ("nigger head"). A 

 specimen of this herb was also brought by Jaw (pi. 59), who, like 

 Bear-with-White-Paw, said that he used it as a remedy for tooth- 

 ache. Bear-with-Wliite-Paw gave other uses for it, saying that he 

 used it also for pain in the bowels; that it would cure tonsilitis, and 

 was frequently employed in combination with other herbs. Only 

 the root of this plant was used. 



(5) Identified as Monarda jistulosa L. (horsemmt). This was 

 said to be an "elk herb" but is not the same variety of plant as that 

 called the "elk herb" in the description of Brave Buffalo's dream, 

 which was identified as Monarda scabra Beck. (See p. 178.) This 

 remedy was used to reduce fever, and was also said to be "good 

 for a hard cold." The blossoms only were used, and Bear-with- 

 White-Paw said they were so strong that ' ' only a little ' ' should be 

 used in making the tea. 



(6) This herb , identified as Allionia nyctaginea. Michx . (umbrellawort) , 

 is the same as that a specimen of which was furnished by Eagle Shield 

 and used externally by him in the treatment of broken bones. Bear- 

 with-Wliitc-Paw gave the following directions for its use: "Grate 

 the root, moisten it, and rub it on the skin wherever there is a swell- 

 ing." He said it grew close to the water and was adapted only for 

 external use. 



The narrative concerning these medicines was given at intervals 

 through a period of several weeks, as considerable time was requu'ed 

 for finding suitable specimens of the herbs. Bear-with-Wliite-Paw 

 understood the purpose of the analysis, and the plants he brought 

 were especially large and typical. When the work was completed he 

 assured the writer of the sincerity with which he had done his part, 

 saying again, "These are the medicines which I use for the purposes 

 I have told you, and the song which I sing when I use them." 



In addition to the herbs secured from Eagle Shield and Bear-with- 

 Wliite-Paw, two plants were procured from Jaw, one mentioned above 

 and another which was said to be an unfailing cure for rheumatism; 

 this was identified as Parmelia sp. (a lichen). No songs were recorded 

 by Jaw in connection with the use of these herbs. 



In order to ascertain whether the herbs used by Eagle Shield, Bear- 

 with-White-Paw, and Jaw have a known medicinal value the speci- 

 mens of plants were submitted to the United States Department of 



