320 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [bull, ei 



decoration were also carried in this case. Eagle Shield said that before 

 a fight the warrioi-s always put on their finest regalia, so that, if 

 they wore killed, tlioy would die in a manner worthy of their position. 

 The sleeves of the war shirts were not sowed, but were tied together 

 under the length of the arm. Before a fight the warrior untied 

 these fastenings and threw back the sleeves to permit free use of his 

 arms. 



Concerning the "ald'cita duties" of members of this society, 

 Eagle Shield said: "These men woi-e among those who protected 

 the people and watched for buffalo wlicn the camp was moving, and 

 who assisted in the selection of suitable places for the winter camps." 



A "praise song," iwa'lcicipi olo'way (No. 158) of this society was 

 sung by One Feather, this song being in honor of Sitting Crow, a 

 member of the society. One of the dancing songs (No. 164) was sung 

 by Eagle Shield; this is given in connection with a narrative of his 

 personal experience on the warpath. 



cai^jte' tijjza (strong heart) 



This term is translated "Stout-hearted ones" by Bushotter,' and 

 "the dauntless" and " the braves" by Wissler.^ In the present work 

 it will be translated "Strong Heart," according to the explanation 

 given by the ^vriter's interpreters on the Standing. Rock Reservation. 

 Lowie does not include this society in his list of eastern Dakota 

 societies.^ A full account of its organization is, however, given by 

 Wissler.'' 



A Sioux once said to the writer, "Indian patience and philosophy 

 are matters of long training." Tliis was a training which began 

 in childliood. Thus Red Fox said that when he ran away with a 

 war party the men frightened him "to make his heart strong." 

 (See p. 375.) 



It was said that the Strong Heart'society among the Teton Sioux, 

 as it existed within the memory of the \\Titor's informants, was 

 organized by Sitting Bull, Gall, and Crow King, prominent chiefs, 

 who were practically in command of aU the warriors. It was their 

 desire to have a body of fearless warriors to meet any emergency, and 

 for that purpose this society was organized. If a man were known to 

 be fully qualified for the honor of membersliip, it was not necessary 

 for him to undergo any tests. All he had to do when initiated was 

 to promise to be brave in the defense of the tribe, to take care of 

 the poor and needy, and to maintain a good moral character. The 



1 See Dorsey, James Owen, A Study of Siouan Cults, Eleventh Rep. Bur. Ethn., p. -lOS. 

 » Wissler, Clark, Societies and Ceremonial Associations in the Oglala Division of the Teton Dakota, op. 

 cit.,p. 25. 

 ' Lowie, Robert H., Dance Associations of the Eastern Dakota, op. cit., p. 104. 

 < Wissler, op. cit., pp. 25-31. 



