DENSMorE] NORTHERN UTE MUSIC 95 
Hasirat.—The Uinta and Ouray Reservation, where the material 
comprised in this book was collected, is located on a high plateau, 
north of which rise the Rocky Mountains (pl. 2,a,b). Sagebrush is the 
only native vegetation except along the courses of the rivers and 
streams that descend from the mountains (pl. 2, c,d). One of the 
canyons, known as White River Canyon (pl. 3, a), was the early home 
of the White River band. The Uinta band are scattered, their 
name, which undoubtedly was given them in some other locality, 
suggesting a preference for somewhat open country rather than the 
canyons. The members of the Uncompahgre band at the present 
time live about 30 miles south of the mountains along the Green 
River. 
Dwe.iincs.—Tipis covered with elk hide were said to be the early 
dwellings of the Utes, buffalo hide being used when it became -avail- 
able. Thatched dwellings were used by those too poor to have tipis 
and appear to have been commonly used by all the tribe during 
the summer. A dwelling of this type photographed by the writer 
(pl. 4, a) was identified by an officer of the United States Army as the 
type of dwelling which prevailed among the Utes in 1888, when he 
was stationed at Fort Duchesne. Log huts are extensively used as 
winter abodes at the present time, a typical summer camp being 
shown in plate 4, b. 
TEMPERAMENT.—The Utes have never been a war-like tribe, yet 
they are a people of great tenacity of opinion. This has repeatedly 
brought them into difficulty with the Government. In contrast to 
this underlying tenacity, they seem characterized by quick transi- 
tions of mood concerning matters of less importance. These chang- 
ing moods are like the brief, sudden storms that frequently occur in 
their native environment and are followed by sunshine. 
Lanauace.—The Ute is a Shoshonean division of the Indian 
languages, related linguistically to the Paiute, Chemehuevi, Kawaiisu, 
and Bannock. It has not yet been studied intensively, but the fol- 
lowing material on the subject is available for reference: 
BarBer, A. E.—‘‘Language and Utensils of the Modern Utes,’’ U. 8S. Geological 
and Geographical Survey of the Territories, 1876, vol. 2, pp. 71-76. 
CHAMBERLIN, RatpH V.—‘‘Some Plant Names of the Ute Indians,’’ American 
Anthropologist, vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 27-40. 
HarRINGTON, JOHN P.—‘‘The Phonetic System of the Ute Language,’? The Uni- 
versity of Colorado Studies, vol. vir, pp. 199-222, Pub. by Univ. of Col., 
Boulder, Colorado, 1910. 
Kroeser, A. L.—‘‘Notes on the Ute Language,’’ American Anthropologist, vol. 10, 
pp. 74-87, 1908. 
CLASSES OF sonGs.—The songs recorded among these people are 
chiefly those of social dances and of war, together with songs used 
in treating the sick. No attempt was made to enter on a detailed 
study of the Sun dance nor of an undetermined religious dance, 
