28 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [BULL. 75 
instruments in Pima rain ceremonies that they are usually spoken 
of as ‘rain sticks.’ ' Serrated instruments, with rasping sticks, 
were also used by the Negroes of central Africa and by the Chinese. 
Hand drum.—This instrument is used with songs of the Lame dance 
(pp. 105-111), Double dance (pp. 118-119), and Iron-line dance 
(p. 120), as well as with war songs (pp. 146-160) and parade songs 
(pp. 166-173). A specimen of the hand drum (pl. 6) was ob- 
tained and is described as follows by Mr. Hawley: ‘‘Small drum. 
H. 33 in., dia. 12? in. Shell of bent wood, the joimt lapped 
and nailed. The inside is reinforced with a strip of bent wood 14 
in. wide, 75 in. thick; its ends do not quite meet; one skin 
head stretched over the shell when wet. It extends halfway 
down the outside of the shell. Holes are made in the edge of the 
skin 12 in. apart, also corresponding holes in the median line of the 
shell and its reinforcement. Two buckskin thongs are passed in and 
out through these holes in opposite directions and tied inside. A 
handle of two strips of cotton cloth cross each other at right angles. 
A handhold is formed by bringing these together for about 14 inches 
at the center and wrapping them with a strip of cloth (pl. 7). Near 
one end of the reinforcement a buckskin loop to suspend it is attached 
to the thong that binds the skin head to the shell. Both outside and 
inside have been colored yellow. The skin is so heavy that its shrink- 
age has misshaped the shell. Drumstick, handle, a round stick like 
asection of a grapevine. Head of white cotton cloth wrapped several 
times around one end of stick, held by tying its ends together. Stick, 
L. 124 in., dia. 7 in.; head, L. 44 in., dia. 14 inches.”’ 
Large drum.—It is interesting to note that the large drum is used 
with the Turkey dance and Woman’s dance, the former, and prob- 
ably the latter, of these dances being introduced among the Utes from 
other tribes. This drum is of the usual type and is placed on the 
ground, the singers sitting around it and drumming as they sing. 
The usual size permits the seating of 8 or 10 drummers around it, but 
it is said that 14 men are sometimes seated at a drum. 
Flageolet.—In general construction this instrument (pl. 5, @) resem- 
bles the flageolet used in many other tribes. It is made of a straight 
section of wood which has been split lengthwise, the pith removed, 
and the two pieces glued together. In length it is about 11 inches 
and in diameter 1 inches. It has a whistle mouthpiece with the 
windway outside. The sound holes are in two groups of three each, 
those in the group farthest from the mouthpiece being slightly nearer 
together than those in the other group. The instrument was played 
for the writer, and had an extended range and a pleasing quality of 
tone. It issaid that a much better tone is produced if the instru- 
1 Russell, Frank, The Pima Indians. Twenty-sixth Ann. Rept. Bur. Amer. Ethn., p. 167, Washington, 
1908. 
