DENSMORE] NORTHERN UTE MUSIC 55 
rhythmic unit is slightly less, while the proportion of songs with 
two rhythmic units is three times as great in the Ute as in the former 
groups. 
TaBLeEs 20 AND 21.—From these tables it appears that a tempo of 
104 beats per minute is preferred by the Utes in their songs and also 
in the accompanying instrument. 
TaBLE 22.—A much greater similarity of tempo between voice and 
accompanying instrument appears in the Ute than in the Chippewa 
and Sioux songs, the percentage of songs in which both have the 
same tempo being 89 in the Ute and only 45 in the former songs. 
When voice and drum differ the drum is slower than the voice among 
the Utes and in large proportion is faster than the voice among the 
other tribes under consideration. 
Summary of analysis.—From the foregoing it appears that, in com- 
parison with Chippewa and Sioux songs, the Ute songs are more 
frequently major in tonality, harmonic in structure, and character- 
ized by one or more-rhythmic units. The compass is smaller and 
the intervals less varied, but the proportion of ascending and descend- 
ing intervals is about the same. The average interval is smaller, but 
the difference is too slight to be of importance. The rhythm of the 
accompanying instrument is less varied, and its beat is more fre- 
quently synchronous with the voice. 
Among the characteristics of the Ute songs which do not appear 
in the tables of analysis may be noted the connective phrase (p. 64), 
the downward glissando tone (p. 58), the upward glissando tone 
(p. 175), the interrupted drumbeat at certain points in the song 
(p. 97), and the peculiar monotonous rhythm described in the analysis 
of No. 2. The songs used in the treatment of the sick contain, as an 
entire group, certain interesting peculiarities which are noted in the 
section on that subject. 
COMPARISON OF ANALYSES OF CHIPPEWA, SIOUX, AND 
UTE SONGS WITH ANALYSES OF SLOVAK SONGS 
In order that the structure of Indian songs might be compared 
with that of European folk songs, the writer obtained a group of 
Slovak songs and analyzed them according to the method used in 
analyzing Indian songs. Dr. Ales Hrdlicka recommended the use of 
Slovak songs for this test, as the Slovak is one of the most isolated 
and racially pure groups of the Slavs, living in the foothills of the 
Carpathians. There they pursued their own manner of life from 
the dawn of history until disturbed to some degree by Magyariza- 
tion, which began about a century ago. The songs used in the test 
were selected for the purpose by Mr. Ivan Daxner, secretary of the 
Slovenian League of America. They comprise a group of 10 songs, 
including the Slovak national anthem; a song concerning Janosik, 
