16 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [ BULL. 62 
show that the 34 adults were divided equally between the sexes, as 
might be expected in the case of the remains of adults in the cemetery 
of a peaceful population.' 
ARTIFICIAL DEFORMATION 
A fact of considerable interest is the presence of artificial deforma- 
tion in more than half of all the skulls preserved. In the majority of 
cases this appears to be a simple occipital, cradle-board flattening, 
but there are three or four instances in which there are plain traces 
of bilateral frontal compression, which indicates intentional deforma- 
tion and suggests that all the posteriorly flattened skulls may possibly 
be of this variety, though the applied pressure failed in most cases to 
leave a distinct mark on the frontal bone.? The result of no such 
practice has been observed in any other part of the northern or middle 
Atlantic States, but deformation of exactly this type was common 
in Arkansas and Louisiana, as well as in the area to the northeast- 
ward.? Among the crania of the earlier and somewhat more easterly 
Lenape reported by the writer‘ to the number of 25, only two (both 
females) showed slight occipital flattening. These facts are signifi- 
‘vant and point either to some difference in derivation between the 
Munsee and other Lenape and eastern Algonquian tribes, or, if of 
common derivation, to a connection between the Munsee and some 
people from. the Trans-Appalachian region to the southwestward. 
It is in this connection that the historic accession to the Munsee of 
some Shawnee is suggestive, for the latter, or a part of them, lived 
in Kentucky and Tennessee, where the practice of fronto-occipital 
deformation was not uncommon, and in some parts of that area, 
indeed, was quite general. 
PATHOLOGY 
The bones in the collection are exceptionally free from the effects of 
injury and disease. The skulls exhibit no scars or injuries, and no 
disease, with the exception of a case of perforating mastoiditis in one 
of the children (no. 285,348). There is, however, as will be shown 
later, a considerable proportion of dental caries, with some indica- 
tions of pyorrhea alveolaris. 
1 Had the cemetery, prior to its disturbance, contained the remains of as many as 200 bodies of all ages, 
including infants, with a yearly mortality in the tribe of 35 per thousand, it could have been in use only 
about 60 years by a population of 100, and proportionately less, of course, for a larger group. 
2 As happened frequently on the coast of Peru, for instance, where the same type of deformation was 
practiced. No board was used in these instances, the frontal compression being effected by means of pads. 
3 Report on a Collection of Crania from Arkansas, Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila., 
XI, 558-563, Phila., 1908; Report on an Additional Collection of Skeletal Remains from Arkansas and 
Louisiana, ibid., xtv, 1909, pp. 173-240, 9 figs.; Report on Skeletal Remains from a Mound on Haley Place, 
near Red River, Miller County, Ark., ibid., xv, 1912, pp. 639-640; Report on a Collection of Crania and 
Bonesfrom Sorrel Bayou, Iberville Parish, La., ibid., Xv1, 1913, pp. 95-100. 
4The Crania of Trenton, op. cit., 1902. 
