HRDLICKA ] PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE LENAPE 19 
these four the first two and again the last two are closely related, 
being really only degrees or varieties of the same processes. It is 
quite possible that all four conditions are merely differing manifesta- 
tions of arthritis. There is no well-founded suspicion of the existence 
of syphilis in the tribe, and there is no trace of either rachitis, tubercu- 
losis, or tumors of the bones. (Dental caries will be referred to under 
Teeth.) 
We may now approach the more strictly anthropological ob- 
servations. 
THE CRANIA 
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS: DIFFERENCES IN TYPE 
Although the remains comprise seventeen adult males and the 
same number of females, some of the skulls are so defective that 
measurements and notes of value could be made only on those of 
ten males and thirteen females. 
In examining and arranging these specimens, the first realization 
of importance is that, while the majority clearly belong to one type, 
there are a few that must be classed apart. The main type, as will 
be noted later and more plainly from the measurements, is that 
characterized by dolichocephaly to mesocephaly, and agrees with 
that prevalent among other Lenape as well as other Eastern tribes. 
The additional type is brachycephalic. Among the twenty-five 
skulls of adults there are four of the brachycephalic type, all females. 
A few additional examples existed evidently among the children; 
and several of the remaining skulls may be transitional as a result of 
admixture. The brachycephaly is so marked that it can not be due 
to normal individual variation within the series, and if we exclude 
this possibility the only remaining conclusion is that the broad-heads 
could not have been Lenape, except by adoption. The individuals 
represented by these skulls might have come from western Pennsy]l- 
vania, where brachycephaly seems to have prevailed at least in 
some districts; or from farther southwestward, from a region to 
which points the intentional deformation among the ‘‘Munsee”’ 
crania. These possibly represent the Shawnee, who came from 
that section and who, according to growing indications, while 
speaking Algonquian were of a different type physically. 
The admixture of this type existed evidently also among other 
branches of the Lenape, and to a more limited extent among various 
other tribes of the Atlantic states. The writer called attention to 
this mixture in 1902,! and will return to the subject in the second 
part of this memoir, which deals with Eastern skulls in general. 
1 Crania of Trenton, op. cit. 
