HRDLICKA | PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE LENAPE 75 
The infraspinous index is also high in the Munsee as compared 
with other Indians, the whites, and even the negroes. This is par- 
ticularly the case in the males, in whom the infraspinous height is 
exceptionally low. 
The female index again exceeds that of the males in the Munsee 
and in all other Indian groups, as well as in the whites, owing to the 
relatively greater breadth of the female scapula. The negroes show 
here once more an exception to the rule, and it would be interesting 
to trace how far this peculiarity may be prevalent in that race. 
High indexes, such as those of the Indians, have been reported by 
Livon, Broca, Ranke, and others,1 among some of the African negroes, 
the Melanesians, the Malays, the Guanches, and the Egyptians. 
DESCRIPTIVE FEATURES 
The principal points for visual observation to which attention has 
been given in this instance were (a) the shape of the scapula as a whole, 
with the development of the teres major region; (b) the form of the 
superior border of the bone; and (c) the development of the notch in 
the superior border. 
Type of body.—The scapula as a whole may be more or less neatly 
triangular or wedge-shaped, which form will be designated as type 1. 
Again, it may be more acutely wedge-shaped, with both its axillary 
and vertebral border markedly concave, a type which the author 
classes as 3.2? It may be quadrilateral, type 4, with the axillary bor- 
der augmented by a shorter but well-marked inferior border, due to 
a development of a process or angle by the influence of the teres 
major muscle. It may be pentagonal, when the preceding type is 
augmented by a distinct angle in the axillary border at or above the 
spine, which divides it into two well-marked borders—type 5. Fi- 
nally, we may have a shape resembling that in many lower mammals 
and characterized by marked convexity of the axillary border, which 
will be referred to as type 6. 
Among the 19 Munsee scapulz, a large majority show types 4 and 5, 
the few remaining specimens approaching type 1. There is no in- 
stance of the relatively rare type 3, nor of type 6, which is quite com- 
mon in other Indians, particularly the males. The following table 
gives several series of records for comparison, including that of 
1 For literature, see R. Martin, Lehrbuch der Anthropologie, 1914; also A. C. Schiick, Das Schulterblatt 
des Menschen und der Anthropoiden, Mitteil. Anthr. Ges. Wien, x, 1910. 
Thefew published reports on Indian scapule give scapular and infraspinous indexes as follows: Matiegka 
(Santa Rosa, Cal., Indians), 64.9; 90.8; Dorsey (Northwest Coast), 65.1; 83.2 (?); Martin (Fuegians), 
65.4; 90.8; Martin (Peruvians), 66.6; 89; Matthews (Ancient Pueblos of Arizona), 71.1. 
In the anthropoid apes the scapular index averages between 69 and 76 (Livon); but the infraspinous 
index is enormous, ranging from slightly over 100 in the orang to 156 in the chimpanzee. 
2 This form and various approaches to it have been referred to as ‘“secaphoid”’ by Graves (Jour. Amer. 
Med. Asso., 1910, p. 12), and wrongly attributed te faulty development of the body. 
