HRDLICKA ] PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE LENAPE 79 
As to the sexes, in both the Munsee and the whites there is observ- 
able a predominance of the deeper forms and the complete foramen 
among the males, and of the shallower forms and the complete ab- 
sence of the notch in the females. 
As to sides, no characteristic differences in the notch appear. 
Riss 
Owing to careful collection, a large majority of the ribs from the 
Munsee cemetery were preserved and are with their respective skele- 
tons, thus facilitating their study. Furthermore, we possess nearly 
all the bones of the spines, which show the rib facets. 
The ribs present are marked throughout by medium and normal 
development. Fractures are very rare, there being only two (in one 
subject) among the 166 ribs of the males, and but one in 196 ribs of 
the females.1_ This speaks well for the peaceful life of the community. 
The number of ribs is normal (24) in every one of the adult males; 
among the females, however, there are two interesting anomalies— 
namely: In female no. 285,311 there are 25 ribs, the additional one 
being well developed, 6.5 em. long, right cervical; this rib approaches 
in form the ordinary first rib, while both the latter are unusually long, 
being about one-third longer than any of the other female first ribs 
in the series. The spinal formula in this case, curiously enough, is 
only 7—12-4, the fifth lumbar being attached to the sacrum. The 
second anomaly is present in female skeleton no. 285,321, with the 
spinal formula of 7—11—5, and consists of the absence of the last pair 
of ribs. The congenitally absent dorsal vertebra is the twelfth. 
The first rib generally repays special examination, particularly as 
to its shape. This shows three main types—(1) the curved; (2) the 
mono-angular or pistol-shaped, with a nearly straight neck and 
straight body; and (3) the biangular, in which, besides the angle 
between the neck and the body, there is another distinct angle in the 
body itself, so that the rib appears as if it consisted of three segments. 
The relative frequency of these forms the author has reason to believe 
will be found to differ in the race and sex, but as a rule it is the same 
on both sides. In the Munsee the shapes found were as follows: 
LXIV. MUNSEE: SHAPE OF RIBS 
Subjects 1 or 2 or 3 or 
Per cent | Per cent | Per cent 
Malese hie ait . tas Gas eae ete ee ed esate ee cece reel «ree 19% (10) 70 2 10 
Mra OSmes ates erie serm cot ceeceniace sce cae ss tne vues coaene dere (12) 75 Ca ER ae ae 
1Or 8 in 1,000. Among the whites, dissecting-room material, in a total of 16,300 ribs examined, the 
author found fractures in the first rib in the proportion of 4 in 1,000; in the second rib, 20 in 1,000; and 
in the ribs below the second, 49.3 in 1,000. 
