HREDLICKA] PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE LENAPE $1 
SACRUM 
- GENERAL OBSERVATIONS AND MEASUREMENTS 
The total number of serviceable specimens cf sacra is 17, only 13 
of which, however (six males and seven females), are five-segment 
bones and sufficiently well preserved to afford the necessary measure- 
ments. The results show that, as usual, the male sacrum, while in 
breadth nearly equal to that of the female, is perceptibly higher, 
in consequence of which the sacral index, or percental relation of 
breadth to height, is lower in the males. 
A comparison of the Munsee sacra with those of other Indians and 
United States whites shows marked agreement both in size and in the 
relative proportions of the bone in the males, but less in the females. 
As will be seen by the next table, the Munsee female sacrum is some- 
what lower than that of any of the other series." 
LXV. MUNSEE SACRUM: DIMENSIONS 
Males | Females 
Number Breadth,| Index | Number Breadth,| Index 
of speci- | Height*| maxi- | B Xx 100 | ofspeci- | Height maxi- | B x 100 
mens Mum = || Smappeem |) mens mum H 
cm. cm. cm. cm. 118.5 
Aiverapelse:. 2202.2 (6) 10.7 11.6 108. 2 (7) 9.9 11.7 ; 
Average (including 
damaged speci- 
mems).------------- INL FF ce see sceae cmiete| se aac. Gini), eee cae 11.5 [tort 
Minimum (including 
damaged speci- 
fa lah All 9.9 1.3] 102.6 (11) 8.9 i ee 
Maximum (including 
damaged speci- 
126.0 
MGS) ope secs snae All 11.5 12.0 114.1 (11) 10.7 12.8 
*Sacra of five segments only included; height measured with slidic = compass, points of instrument 
applied to middle of promontory and to middle of anterior inferior b-- <r of V sacral vertebra. 
Emmons, who a few years ago, with the writer’s assistance, con- 
ducted an examination of 217 Indian female pelves,? obtained as a 
total average of his specimens (which however include also sacra of 
more than five segments), for the height 10 cm., breadth 11.5 em., 
and index 115.8—figures which stand in close accord with the above. 
In the Negro race and in the Australians the sacrum, as is well 
known, is relatively narrower; and in much larger degree this is also 
the case in the anthropoid apes. The relatively broad and short 
sacrum of the whites and the Indians may therefore be regarded as a 
feature of an advanced evolutionary character. 
1 The sacra from the Arkansas and Louisiana mounds, of which a small series was reported previously 
by the writer (Remains from Arkansas and Louisiana, op. cit.), appeared unusually high; in the much 
larger series here presented, however, they are seen to form no exception in this respect to those of other 
Indians. 
2 A.B. Emmons, A Study of the Variations in the Female Pelvis, Based on Observations made on 271 
Specimens of the American Indian Squaw, Biometrika, 1x, 1913, pp. 34-57. 
17135°—Bull. 62—16——6 
