HRDLICKA | PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE LENAPE 83 
curvature, which is very rare in the Indian. Among 115 Indian 
sacra from Arkansas, Louisiana, the Southwest, and Mexico, the 
writer found moderate or medium curvature in 75, or 65 per cent; 
submedium to slight in 24, or 21 per cent; and pronounced (though 
never excessively) in 16, or 14 per cent. Among the 217 specimens 
examined by Emmons, moderate or medium curvature was present 
in 148, or a little more than 67 per cent; submedium in 52, or 24 per 
cent; and pronounced in 18, or 8 per cent. 
The curve of the sacrum begins in the Munsee (and the same is 
true of other Indians) in a majority of cases with the first or upper- 
most segment, but in numerous instances with the second vertebra. 
More in detail, among the 20 Munsee sacra, in 13, or 65 per cent, 
the curve began with the first; in six, or 30 per cent, with the second; 
and in one, or 5 per cent of the cases, with the third vertebra. 
Among 113 sacra of both sexes from Arkansas, Louisiana, the South- 
west, and Mexico, examined by the writer, the curve began in 52, 
or 46 per cent of the cases, with the first; in 42, or 37 per cent, with 
the second; in 14, or 12 per cent, with the third; and in five, or 4 
per cent, with the fourth vertebra. In the female series studied by 
Emmons, the curve began in 41.5 per cent of the cases with the first; 
in 27 per cent with the second; in 22.5 per cent with the third; in 
7.4 per cent with the fourth; and in 1.8 per cent with the fifth seg- 
ment. Among whites, in 224 sacra of five segments examined by 
the writer, the curve began with the first vertebra in 87 per cent; 
with the second in 5.4 per cent; and with the third in 7.6 per cent of 
the cases. It is therefore evident that the anterior curve of the 
sacrum begins more frequently higher up in the whites than in the 
Indians. This peculiarity is probably connected with a somewhat 
greater curvature, even on the average, in the sacrum of whites. 
OssA INNOMINATA AND PELVIS 
THE OSSA INNOMINATA 
The total number of adult innominate bones of the Munsee, avail- 
able for examination and measurement, is 37, and in general the 
bones are remarkable for their regular development, with complete free- 
dom from pathological conditions and from the more important anom- 
alies. They are also of medium dimensions and weight throughout. 
The measurements of the bones show that in the paired specimens, 
in both sexes, they are of nearly the same dimensions on the two 
sides. The male bones exceed those of the female in both height 
and breadth, and especially in the former, but relatively to its height 
the female innominate is broader than that of the male, as a result 
of which the innominate height-breadth index is higher in the 
females. 
