Il. EASTERN INDIAN CRANIA IN GENERAL 
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 
In connection with the study of the Munsee and in order to clarify, 
if possible, the physical affiliations of this important group of the 
Lenape, the writer undertook an examination of all crania of the 
Eastern Indians that now exist in the collections of the United States 
National Museum, the Peabody Museum of American Archeology 
and Ethnology at Cambridge, Philips Academy at Andover, the 
American Museum of Natural History in New York, The Academy 
of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, and the Valentine Museum at 
Richmond, in addition to a number of specimens sent to him from 
other institutions. The total number of crania studied in the course 
of this investigation aggregated 253, of which 121 were of males 
and 132 of females. 
Former records on American crania from Eastern Indians are 
scarce, and in most instances so imperfect or antiquated as to be of 
little value. The earliest data are those of Morton and Meigs,? based 
on the collections now in The Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- 
delphia. In 1862 Sir Daniel Wilson, of Toronto, published his Pre- 
historic Man, in two volumes, in the second volume of which he gives 
measurements of 39 male and 18 female Huron (Iroquois) skulls. 
Unfortunately these measurements are few in number, are recorded 
in inches, and were determined with instruments of whose character 
there is no record, although presumably they were such as had been 
used by Morton and Meigs. Later brief references to eastern Cana- 
dian crania by Dr. David Boyle will be found in the Annual Archxo- 
logical Reports of Ontario. In 1867 measurements of five Algonquian 
and Iroquois skulls were included by Dr. J. Barnard Davis in his 
Thesaurus Craniorum (pp. 224-5), and in 1879 a few measurements 
of four Huron skulls were given by Quatrefages and Hamy in their 
Crama Ethnica (parts 10-11, p. 472). 
In 1880 there appeared, in the Memoirs of the Boston Society of 
Natural History, a paper of 10 pages, with 2 plates, by Lucien Carr, 
at that time assistant curator of the Peabody Museum at Cambridge, 
on the crania of New England Indians, in which measurements of 67 
skulls are given; but, as the present writer found subsequently by 
1 See the Appendix, page 127. 
2 Crania Americana, Catalogue, and other contributions. See the bibliographies in the writer’s 
Physical Anthropology in America, Amer. Anthropologist, 1914, XV1, pp. 508-554, 
110 
