dM BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [ BULL. 62 
shed much light on the physical characteristics and relations of the 
Eastern Indians. 
As above noted, the collections included cover the territory from 
southeastern Canada to Virginia, and, roughly speaking, from the 
easternmost lakes and the Appalachian mountains to the Atlantic. 
From northward and northwestward of this region skeletal material 
is scarce, and the same is true of the Southern states until we reach 
Florida; while to the westward the conditions are more complex and 
will best form part of a separate discussion. 
The entire region covered by the collections, with a single exception, 
is characterized by a complete absence of both intentional and cradle- 
board deformation of the skull; the exception applies to the Munsee, 
among whom prevailed to a moderate extent the practice of frontal 
(fronto-occipital) compression. As this practice was very general to 
the southward and southwestward of the section here involved and 
was completely absent elsewhere beyond its boundaries, its occurrence 
among the Munsee, even to a limited extent, indicates that this tribe 
had some close connection in those directions, in which respect it 
differs from the rest of the Lenape. The well-known accession to the 
tribe, in the latter part of the seventeenth century, of some Shawnee, 
whose home was to the southwestward as far as Kentucky and 
Tennessee, may, as already suggested, explain this occurrence. 
A consequential result ot the study of the Eastern crania here 
included is that they all belong to one and the same fundamental type, 
which we now know in the northeast as that of the Algonquian and 
Iroquois, in the west as the Shoshonean, farther south as the Piman- 
Aztec, and in South America as the Andean, ‘‘Lagoa Santa,” or 
Pampas type. However, in the territory under consideration, as 
elsewhere, this type is far from being homogeneous, differmg some- 
times in an important way almost from tribe to tribe. The differences 
are evidently due partly to intermixture with the other or brachy- 
cephalic American type and partly to locally developed or per- 
petuated variations. — 
In the several series of skulls here dealt with there is plain evidence 
of admixture in the majority of the groups, which, though mostly 
slight, increased from the north to the south. This admixture con- 
sists uniformly of brachycephalic elements, in some localities males, 
in others females, which doubtless were derived from farther west, 
southwest, and south. There are only four groups from which such 
admixture is absent, namely, those from Maine, Massachusetts, 
Connecticut, and Long Island. The conditions in this respect are pre- 
sented in the following table: 
