FOWKB] ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS 33 



These reached from the bottom to the surface, and were continuous 

 with the bank of talus. As results had been meager along here, the 

 sides of the trench were turned to the northward and northwestward. 

 The entire trench was 43 feet long and varied in width from 30 feet 

 in the central parts to 18 feet at the extreme northern end. The left 

 face reached, in its entire length, nearly to the drain; on the right 

 side the eastern wall of the cavern was uncovered for 15 feet. It 

 embraced nearly all the area not previously dug by others, except a 

 triangular space at the east side o*f the entrance, filled with large 

 stones, as just stated. 



Near the middle of the excavated area was a heap of large fallen 

 rocks, fully a carload in all; some of them imbedded in the muck, 

 others barely penetrating the surface of the latest deposits. Ashes 

 lay under and between all of them, proving this side also had been 

 inhabited before the first of them had become loose, and that occu- 

 pancy was practically continuous until the last one had fallen. The 

 inmates, recognizing the danger, may have knocked these down. 



The greatest depth of ashes found in any part of the excavation 

 was T feet ; but it may have been greater previous to any disturbance ; 

 nor does this include such as may be present in the muck. There 

 were unbroken layers as much as 8 inches thick covering spaces 5 

 to 10 feet across; many smaller, intact patches; and numerous masses, 

 from a peck to a bushel in volume, removed from fire beds elsewhere. 

 Charcoal among them showed that bark and dead wood, principally 

 oak, was the main reliance for fuel. 



The wrought objects found were flints, mostly broken or of rough 

 finish; very many small fragments of pottery; mortars made of 

 sandstone slabs; hammerstones or pestles; bone perforators; mussel 

 shells, some pierced for suspension or for attachment of a handle, 

 some with outer surfaces and edges dressed for use as spoons; 

 hematite ore, in the rough or rubbed to procure paint. There was a 

 great abundance of bones from animals used for food, mostly deer, 

 though elk, bear, many smaller mammals, turtles, tortoises, turkeys, 

 and other birds were well represented. Singularly enough, when the 

 plentiful supply of fish in all the streams of this region is considered, 

 none of their bones or scales Avere found, although the ashes would 

 have preserved them perfectly. Nor were there many burned rocks, 

 in view of the amount of pottery and the number of bones which 

 showed that they had been boiled. Perhaps such stones had crum- 

 bled or were thrown outside when near disintegration. 



There is a consensus of belief, or at least of statement, in the 

 neighborhood that many human skeletons have been dug out close 

 to the east wall. In the only part reached during this work — which 

 took in about all that had not been searched by others — rocks lay 

 along the wall, so large and so numerous that no graves could have 

 70341°— 22 3 



