FOWKE] ARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS 69 



and ashes. Two such depressions were lined with a coating of 

 gumbo half an inch thick, which, however, was not mixed with sand 

 or shell. Pots may have been shaped in these. Occasionally a small 

 mass of gumbo, never so much as a peck, sometimes as small as a 

 pint measure, would be found loose in the ashes, seemingly thrown 

 there at random. Two pieces were squeezed into a rough ball; one 

 was patted or rolled into a flattened sphere with a rounded depres- 

 sion on one side. These were no doubt intended as material for mak- 

 ing vessels, as was a roughly cylindrical mass of red clay and 

 pounded shell as large as a quart cup — the " biscuit " of modern 

 potters. 



About the middle of the cave a saucer-shaped depression, 4 feet 

 across and 10 inches deep at the center, had been dug in the red 

 clay; ashes had been deposited 

 to a depth of 2 feet over this 

 space before the excavation of 

 the hole was begun, and streaks 

 of red clay lay at about this level 

 all around the pit. Many rocks, 

 large and small, apparently 

 thrown in, were in this basin and 

 above it. No fire had been 

 made in it: nothing buried; 



, ,, , „ , Fig. 14. — Clay pipe from Miller's Cave. 



and the upper layers or ashes 



extended across it unbroken. It forms another of the un.solved 



problems. 



In the den of a burrowing animal smaller than a ground hog 

 was the frontal bone and upper portion of the face of a child of 8 

 or 10 years; 12 teeth are cut and others can be seen. It is shown 

 in plate 20, c. Part of a cervical vertebra lay at the top of the skull, 

 and there were fragments of a few other bones. 



The ulna of a child, broken off at the wrist, was near the door- 

 way, in a mass of refuse in a ground-hog burrow. For several feet 

 in every direction around here the ashes were traversed by the tun- 

 nels and dens of these animals, some of them extending down into 

 the clay. 



Twenty-five feet east of the ^loorway, a foot below the highest 

 layer of unbroken ashes, was the top and back of a thin skull. 



Sixty feet from the front, 15 feet from the east wall, at a depth 

 of 14 inches, was a partial skeleton, lying on the back. The right 

 arm, folded, lay by the side ; the left forearm across the pelvis. All 

 bones from the atlas to the sacrum, except some bones of the hands 

 and wrists and the left ulna, lay in such position as to show they 

 had been interred with the flesh on, or at least while the cartilages 



