fqwke] AUCHEOLOGICAL INVESTlGATlOisrS IB 



which it widens to nearly 7 feet, holding the same height of 3 feet. 

 Within this doorway, on the red earth bottom, w-ere a small mortar 

 and a grinding stone worn by much use ; both were stained with red 

 paint. A foot farther in was part of a skiver ; and 2 feet beyond this 

 was a large knife of white chert almost as clear and compact as 

 chalcedony, shown at a in plate 27. Ashes continued in the north 

 tunnel for 26 feet from the entrance, beyond which no further 

 progress was possible. Before this point was reached, the refuse 

 which had been continually decreasing in amount no longer appeared. 



The tunnel leading from the well toward the south is 19 inches 

 high, 3 feet 9 inches wide. At 3 feet it branches ; one fork, 2 feet high 

 and 17 inches wide, turns eastward and curves to join the east branch 

 from the well. The other branch continues south, but soon closes; 

 in it were found a small piece of an adult's skull and the hip bone 

 of a young child. 



The floors in all the branches of the small cave were covered from 

 3 to 12 inches deep with a reddish mixture of sand and clay, on 

 which were ashes filling the space above almost to the roof. In a 

 few places refuse was found in this silt, of the same general char- 

 acter as that in the ashes, but in very small amount. This is not 

 significant; such remains w^ere dragged down by animals, which 

 range everywhere. The two deposits are quite separated and distinct. 



The clay and sand on the rock bottom came from disintegrated 

 rock on top of the ground outside, or at any rate from some level 

 higher than that where they are found now ; but how ashes, shells, 

 broken bone, and especially how worked objects came to be in places 

 too contracted for a man to creep, and where they could be neither 

 carried nor pushed, is not to be explained except on the hypothesis 

 of a chamber above, whence they may have worked or may have 

 been thrown down; but at no place, either in the cave or in the out- 

 side surface, could there be found any evidence of such communi- 

 cation. 



Fifty-five feet from the mouth of the cave, in the east wall, is a 

 crevice into wdiose lower portion extended the red clay of the cavern 

 floor. It branched into various tortuous divisions, all of which were 

 filled with ashes containing a large proportion of refuse. It appeared 

 at first that all this had settled in, or been thrown in, from the main 

 cavern ; but one branch, having a very irregular outline, was in such 

 situation and trended upward at such an angle that it could not have 

 been filled from below. As in similar cases previously noted, how- 

 ever, no other opening to it was to be found. The smallest workman 

 cleared it out to as great a distance as he could crawl and use a trowel, 

 but did not succeed in reaching the end of the deposits. 



At the bottom of the crevice were ground-hog burrows extending 

 between loose rocks, under ledges, and into the red clay. All these 



