18 BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY [boll. 73 
of all the people through whose territories he had passed that none 
of them had the sounds /or I. 1 This is true of Catawba, the sole 
representative of the Siouan languages of the east from which we 
have much material. It is therefore probable that Lawson was 
correct for the other languages to which he refers. 2 Santee and 
Sewee would thus share this dialectic peculiarity and be associated 
by it with the other eastern Siouan tribes. On the other hand, 
several town or tribal and personal names from the Cusabo country 
contain I and one an f. 3 It is perhaps significant that in forming 
companies of his Indian allies before marching against the Tuscarora, 
Capt. Barnwell placed the "Corsaboy" in one company with the 
Yamasee, Yuchi, and Apalachee, while the "Congerees and Sattees," 
the last of whom must be the Santee, were with the "Watterees, 
Sagarees, Catabas, Suterees, and Waxaws." The composition of 
his other companies shows clearly that neighboring and related 
tribes were purposely placed together. 4 On the other hand, there are 
certain linguistic considerations which seem to indicate an alliance 
between the Cusabo tribes proper and the Indians of the Muskhogean 
stock. It is to be noted that the French Huguenots established 
among the Cusabo in 1562 visited the Guale chief to obtain corn, 
accompanied by Cusabo guides, and had no difficulty in commu- 
nicating with him. 5 When Spanish missionaries were sent to the 
Province of Guale, south of the Savannah, they composed a grammar 
in the language of the people among whom they lived, and this 
grammar subsequently fell into the hands of missionaries among 
the Cusabo. 6 It would naturally be supposed that if any radical 
difference existed between the languages of the two provinces some 
comment would have been made, but neither the missionaries at 
this time nor the Spanish explorers then or later so much as hint 
that any such difference existed, though they do indeed recognize 
the country north of the Savannah River as constituting a distinct 
province from that to the southward. 
In 1600, when testimony was taken from a number of Guale 
chiefs, it is stated in a letter detailing the proceedings that "the 
notary who had been eight years in the Province of Santa Elena, 
although he did not speak the language, understood much of the 
languages of those provinces, and attested that the Guale Indians 
i Lawson, Hist. Carolina, p. 378. 
2 In his vocabulary of Woecon, another Siouan dialeet, there is no/and but one /, in the word for "duck." 
3 See pp. 20-24. 
* South Carolina Hist, and Genealogical Mag., ix, pp. 30-31. 
5 Since their guides belonged to the Maccou or Escamacu tribe, which there is some reason to think may 
have been identical with that later known as Yamacraw, this fact might not in itself be conclusive, but 
these Maccou were found to be associating intimately with the other Cusabo tribes in their neighborhood 
without any suggestion of a difference in language, and a little later the Spaniards applied their name to 
the entire district or "province" otherwise designated Orista or Santa Elena, the southern part of the 
Cusabo territory (see p. 00). 
6 Ruidiaz, La Florida, n, p. 307; Barcia, La Florida, pp. 
